The Netherlands has the Bureau Krediet Registratie, which is pretty similar to the credit ratings in the US. (Arguably, the credit rating system in the US is slightly more forgiving than the BKR, but that's a separate matter - the Netherlands definitely does have this system).
France is actually the outlier for not having one - Germany and Spain both do, for example, as does the UK. And of course Canada, the US, and Australia have similar systems as well.