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Tracked by whom? Sounds to me what you have is a system that assumes you'll be reliable and reports negatively when you're not. That's fine. But it's still a system that tracks that your ability to handle debt.

Defaults are reported on request by the national debt collection authority.

this system is nearly the same in the Netherlands.

That's still a credit tracking system, it just tracks negative activities instead of both negative and positive activities.

Sweden also has something that the US doesn't have - open tax records. A creditor can look up exactly how much money a potential debtor made last year (according to their filed taxes)

edit: also, at one point my credit report in Sweden actually DID show my credit card utilization. Never seen it since so maybe the regulations around it got tighter? Example: https://i.imgur.com/NGi86DJ.png

And that's why credit is much harder to obtain in Sweden than in USA's more efficient system. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_score#Sweden

mind you that, from my experience, Americans think a lot more casually about debt then most Europeans. They seem to want to avoid debt at all costs.