Genetically Engineered Wheat Found in Unplanted Washington Field
bloomberg.com
bloomberg.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJiIuQyStr4
The fuzz is absolutely warranted.
Added: Monsanto licenses you seeds, you are not even allowed to grow them once (i. e. you are not allowed to use next-generation seeds). And GM plants might be more adapted, and start displace the “natural” ones. And they are all owned by Monsanto.
I think I'll give it a go. Cheers :)
I'm unable to find a link online but around fifteen years ago a farmer accidentally let a very small amount of some experimental GMO soybeans he was growing for a seed company as a test get into a truck headed to the local elevator.
Routine government testing resulted in a very large bin of soybeans getting purchased and destroyed. The financial hit caused the seed company to go bankrupt.
I don't understand why GE food works people up?
Having said that I would purchase GE bananas and tomatoes that had a longer shelf life.
you already do
Farmers don't get sued for natural contamination. Do you really think Monsanto goes around looking for single plants in millions and millions of acres all around the world just so they can try to make a flimsy case before a judge. Monsanto sues people who have significant portions of their seed in their grain stores without a license, because the only way to get that much is by purchasing it from some other farmer who is growing and selling it or by growing it and storing seed for later, which is directly contrary to the license and contract they signed and agreed to. If you can prove farmer John down the road sold it to you and you thought it was natural, then you sue him for your losses on an unlicensed product.
No one said GMO had 0% chance of spreading. What was said was that it was easy to contain because food crops don't thrive in the wild and have very high nutritional needs. So please stop spreading the "they said that it could never escape..." boogeyman sci-fi horror line. No one invested in the development of GMOs has said that to my knowledge and if they have, yes they are idiots or lying, but no it's not a big deal if some are in the wild, because they will die quickly.
Monsanto, along with the other agritech companies, don't field study crops they just whipped up in a lab last night. In the lab they go through several sequencing and single plant trials, not to mention the genes are tested before they even enter the target plant species, THEN they produce enough seeds or plantlings to test in a field. Any significant potential health problems are screened out before it even gets to the field, so no this test case is not a danger to the public. Also the article literally says they have to get permits for new trial plants, so steps are already taken to ensure the plants are a deadly threat to nature or humans.
Lastly, you may not like the whole "not even allowed to regrow them once" stipulation in the farmer contracts, but clearly farmers don't mind it because they line up to buy the stuff. As a farmer, you are either one that grows seed, one that grows product, or in some cases you grow both. They are separate business a lot of the time though. Monsanto's licensing and contract is to stop farmers thinking they can just become a competitor with Monsanto by spending a season farming seed crops and reselling to other farmers. Monsanto and others value come from the fact farmers can increase profits from using their product, if another farmer can grow and resell their product, they have no more business. The fact is, most farmers are fine with the contract and abide by it.
— Dr Malcolm, Jurassic Park
Unless they pose any danger to anyone (which would surprise me), I don't see why all of this fuzz is being made.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowman_v._Monsanto_Co.
Bowman deliberately bought seeds from a third party that contained Monsanto's patented genes and claimed that because a third party was involved, the patent did not apply. This has nothing to do with accidental contamination.
There is no discussing these topics with people who have quasi-religious beliefs. Red Delicious apples have been patented 42 times along the road, doesn't make them any less edible.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Delicious#Sports_(mutation...
Someone makes a virus for targeted killing of cancer cells. Can they patent it? Are viruses organisms?
Second plants breed, by themselves. Does someone deserve to patent a plant they just found growing in their garden? What happens if someone does patent a better tomato, and then a tomato naturally does the same thing itself? Do you sue the tomato plant? What about the non obviousness test? If it's so easy a tomato can do it...
So yes plant breeding is different to other industries. Patents control how people reproduce your things, plants reproduce by themselves, and the reproductive parts are why we buy 90% of plants for.
"viruses are generally not considered to be true living organisms." https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/virus.htm
This raises the question whether advances in medicine should be able to be patented. With jacked up insulin prices causing people to risk their lives rationing doses, I'm not sure it's a good thing. I know patents create an investment incentive, but I have to wonder if there's not a better way. And government subsidized research adds another layer of complexity, although I'm not sure if that can or can't be patented in various jurisdictions.
Also, many people here are opposed to software patents (imo rightfully so), so it should be unsurprising that they'd be against patenting crops.
What happens if these farmers keep seed aside for next year? They're intentionally planting gm wheat. Worse, what if they sell their crop?
What would have happened 50 years ago if a farmer had sprayed weed killer and discovered a resistant wheat? They'd be jumping up and down because they'd be rich, now they have to worry about getting sued.
Which patents are exhausted after first sale, then?
Trying to impose a patent which prevents a farmer from replanting seeds, or attempts to interrupt basic function of living things (making plants that do not replicate) is morally wrong. In the name of profit, companies like Monsanto will deliberately make their products "infertile" and unable to replicate. They do this so they can sell you new seeds every year.
Bit different from a patent on a phone screen. You can water it, leave it in the Sun, and a phone screen will never replicate itself in a million years.
Why is it morally wrong?
Crop plant patents have been part of US legislation from 1930, or from 1970. Depending on the type of crop.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_Patent_Act_of_1930
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_Variety_Protection_Act_o...
If you wish to argue that imposing patents preventing farmers from replanting seeds is moral, then it seems like it would make sense to actually make an argument that addresses the morality in any way, shape, or form.
The contract is directly between the farmers and Monsanto; patents are filed with the government, and have force no matter what contracts exist.
And "they signed the contract" is a purely legal argument, it has no moral force. Particularly given your apt analogy to EULAs, indicating clearly that the large companies create contracts that are a) guaranteed to provide disproportionate benefits to them, and b) effectively impossible for laypeople to understand without assistance. Sure, it's legal for them to create contracts like this...but would you really argue that it's moral?
And yes it is moral. They are not under durress. There are plenty of competitive viable alternatives. The contract is very clear in the farmers inability to replant as so many are quick to point out. And all parties consented. Farmer gets a product, business gets money. Business makes sure they have a future by making sure the farmer doesn't regrow their product and sell to other farmers.
Tell me why it isn't moral. Are you advocating that patents and product licenses are immoral.
It took 80 years from finding out asbestos killed people to banning it. Cigarets were sold as healthy, then opponents were fought to the bones. The pharmaceutical companies are making sure the US is becomming addict to opioid and prepare to sell people drugs to get out of addiction as well. Because we are talking about a country that had a president that lied about WMD to get to invade another country, and another one that govern using tweets, and they are in charge of keeping things in check. Because humans already have to face war, global warming and heavy pollution thanks to their careless nature.
It's not about morality. It's not about conviction. It's just not wanting to jump without a parachute. Powerful techs, all of them, be it AI, nanobots or GMO, should be under amazing scrutiny and people using them in a constant state of audit for the next 50 years.
That this is even questionable is beyond me.
That doesn't invalidate my point though.
Let's not trust that things will go according to plan, or that the people making the plan have the proper agenda.
I mean with cigarettes it should have been obvious, you inhale, you cough. Maybe not good.
But with plants? In the food chain they just get digested. And in the wild they are either strong enough to be a new breed, or, more likely they fail and die out.
It's the same here. The potential risk is huge. We still have a hard time with things as simple as not killing each others, so thinking we are mastering introduction of these variables into such a complex systems is delusional at best, arrogant at worst.
Given that the people in charge of this are motivated by profit, and that we have history proving such entities will not do the right thing for humanity given the chance, let's not trust them.
Audit them to the ground. Force them to justify themself for 5 decades at every step. Make it transparent, systematic, and independant.
Working on GMO is ok. Trusting them to be safe because lobbists say so is not.
What are the potential dangers with gmo?
edit: "Working on GMO is ok. Trusting them to be safe because lobbists say so is not. "
And no I don't. I just dont see any reason why they should not be safe.
(their monoculture use with pesticides excluded. that is a different problem)
Sugar is not complicated.
The millions of DNA pairs of the millions of species of living things, all interacting, is complicated. Also, we eat those.
So we understand probably 4 percent of it, and we tweak the settings. I don't see any scenario where this is not a serious risk.
If you play with something on a huge scale that you don't fully understand, safety first.
But the worst part for me is that we have to defend the point of view of asking for being careful. Look at this thread. All I'm suggesting is a non compromising auditing system, and it's a debate !
This is insane. It should be the opposite. If you want to opt out of the safety net of humanity, you better make your case.
It's like a stranger coming to you with a pill: eat that. I'm sure I won't "just because" its unknown and there is a real chance it might go wrong. If I can't even estimate this chance its worse, it does mean I can not responsibly take the action.
I'm totally with you. This is insane and REALLY scary...
Now I'm wondering why to be surprised if bigcorps don't care about others future when the individuals don't really care (~=want to make sure everything will be fine and not just assuming things won't break).
WDYT, what can we do about that issue? I'm totally staggered.
Yet of course you aren't unaffected. Even today we we're not entirely certain of everything that leaded fuel fume exposure causes, let alone the exact mechanism for such. What we do know is that there is an apparent causal relationship between leaded fuel exposure, particularly during one's developmental years, and increased criminality, lower IQ, and other such things. But you're not going to show this in any sort of brief experiment and even over longterm experiments it can be difficult to discern the issues. I mean if we didn't already know as much, the idea that inhaling negligible amounts of gas fumes (in terms of parts per x) over years could somehow cause increased crime rates or even low IQs sounds pretty absurd. But our bodies react in ways that often belie intuition.
So you're left to look at things comparatively. How do people who do 'x' compare to people who do not do 'x' over years or decades? How do their children do? With GM crops we have a pretty ideal test suite since most of the world adopted these crops sparingly or not at all while in the United States near 100% of crops of certain crucial types are now genetically engineered. So how do young Americans, especially those born after the mid 90s, compare to those from other nations in terms of physical health, mental health, and other behaviors? Of course there are a million confounding variables here, some such as the growth of the internet can be controlled for but others cannot.
So this is something that would require extensive research and work to actively study. Presumably this would be the purview of agencies such as the FDA. Unfortunately, with our government this [1] was the last head of the FDA. A Monsanto VP lawyer who argued for things such as allowing corporations to knowingly allow at least a small amount of carcinogens into processed foods. That man determined food safety in the US for the majority of the last administration, and I doubt the current administration would have much interest in such research either. So instead we get no meaningful oversight, negligible or poorly formulated longitudinal research, and instead are left to rely primarily on the ethics of companies such as Monsanto.
No they don't. This is stuff from scifi movies. Farmers have grown GMO crops for over 20 years, and there is not even a hint of an observation or theory on how they could cause any cascading effects.
Also, it took us 40 years to realize we may be responsible for global warning, and some still doubt it, or have an agenda to spread doubt.
So you have to take in consideration that if we ever discover we messed up, inertia is going to be the doom of us.
Besides, scifi movies have proven to be not so bad at predicting how much we suck.
All in all, there is little downside to act safe, and it's very risky to not act as such. There is no emergency to get GMO everywhere, just an economic push. No, even this bs about solving world hunger, which is not a technical problem.
So let's be good citizens and don't assume things will go our way just because we want to.
GMO can arrive at a slower pace. And the very fact people are making it take the fast lane, screaming it's ok with no evidence, is a very good sign we don't have things under control: money does.
So when a big corporation tells you they can contain GMO, and you get prove they couldn't, you don't defend them. It's not rational, nor good for democracy.
There is a known mechanism for global warming: CO2. If you invoke the precautionary principle for everything without any requirement for scientifically feasible mechanism causing the imagined adverse effects, you can oppose everything. Why did we make use of the internet and wifi and cell phones right away, instead of slowly introducing them over a 100 year transition period? After all, there would have been little downside in acting safe and slow?
We don't need a 100 years though, since there is only one thing to check: if it affects us directly. We don't have the same cascading effect potential, nor nearly the same number of possible interactions.
And we already know that cell phones affect us by the way: the new generation already present an attention and focus deficit because of the constant solicitation of the cell phone. Privacy is being denied more and more. We've created huge amount of electronic wastes.
So yeah, I wish we had took a little more time instead of jumping full throttle into it. Or at least follow the effects and react.
But we are not a very reasonable specie.
That's why we do testing in most areas. That's the point of the FDA -- EVERY new drug must be presumed unsafe and tested. Such an attitude would serve us well if it were applied to widespread environmental concerns. Otherwise it'll be self-interested corporations with a damning track record (e.g. DuPont) making the calls[1].
1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuPont_(1802%E2%80%932017)#Con...
Randomly changing millions of base pairs: good. Precisely cutting a gene from one crop and putting it in another: bad. Baffling.
The second one has to prove to be safe. It's funny that all of HN hold boing so responsible for demonstrating things are safe when it affect only a few hundred people. But we have to be taking the word of people playing with new high tech toys for their own benefit that have the potential to affect the entire humanity because... ?
Power, scale, agenda and synergies matter.
And which category does seed irradiation fall into? If exposing seeds to high radiation in order to randomly mutate them is an acceptable "non-GMO" mechanism, clearly something is wrong.
Plus evolution doesn't have an agenda that would make it creates things like the terminator gene. We are in a very peculiar situation.
I'm open to see how it plays out, as long as we don't arrogantly pretend we know for sure everything will be ok. Because we heard this one before, and it was always stated by people that wanted to sound trustworthy or smart, never the ones that wanted to make sure we are all happy.
Besides, how asking for severe and regular audits is even a bad thing ? If one is against that, I trust their judgment even less.
There's no way we can ever say "GMOs are safe" because it's like saying "crops grown during the 14th week of the year are safe". It's a technique, not a product.
I'm not saying nature is good and benevolent, I'm saying there is a difference in having uranium in the ground or in a bomb.
I don't think asking for serious, regular, transparent, independant audit for decades is a bad thing. Or would you let any company deal with uranium without serious follow up ?
You're right! It's a great thing, in fact. That's why there are over 3000 studies on GMO crops so far, with hundreds more happening each year.
Also, I'm a touch baffled by the mention of Terminator genes. 1) They've never existed. There's a patent on it, owned by a company who has pledged to never use it or allow any other company to do so. 2) It solves all the issues regarding drift, which is often a thing anti-GMO folks are concerned about. Never quite understood that.
How many are funded by the GMO industry?
Studies are usually not answers to public concern questions, but a way people working in a domain figure things out about that domain.
Industries funding favourable research is the oldest trick in the book. See climate change studies, tobacco, etc.
- most of those studies are used to demonstrate if something is doable. Few are targeting safety, even fewer are long enough or on a large scale enough to answer the previously raised concerned, and almost none are by independent entities.
- GMO have been planted and sold for consumption way before we had proof of short term and scale safety through independent studies. I have zero trust in the will to do the right thing of their manufacturers, either to fund objective studies for long term and large scale or to act humanly if those reveals something bad.
- the terminator gene is just an image I use, really, for the kind of modifications that we can think of, but that would not evolve out of a living system
Many eusocial insect species (ants, bees, termites) have sterile worker and soldier castes. In some cases, the soldiers have such enlarged jaws that they are even unable to eat on their own, the workers need to feed them. A sterile soldier unable to eat, that's real natural selection for you.
There is not purpose in that for the plant, hence it would not have evolved that way. And of course we just made a big leap out of it.
My point with the terminator gene is not about the feature itself, but the concept: we make fast and important changes with very narrow objectives that have zero logic into the system context. It's just for a few people's short term gain.
Evolution doesn't magically become dangerous just because it's been done in a lab. It's dangerous when it has measurable deleterious effects on biological systems.
In fact, many varieties of apples are completely unable to reproduce by seed, only by clone. It's cool that we've made these cool hybrids, but it seems like nobody is thinking about the systemic environmental risk.
Why should the risk be any higher in GMOs than it is in any new species, of which there are thousands discovered every year?
You're first paragraph was also full of falsehoods.
>> have no incentive to make sure they are safe on the long run since corporations almost never pay anything for their mistakes
Money and criminal prosecution, those are some good incentives. Also, corporations are constantly being sued. Some don't correct their mistakes because the people suing aren't interested in the global welfare either their interested in money so they settle. Also, I keep seeing the "they said that it would never spread" idea, I never recall any invested proponent say that there was 100% containment. Not once.
Also it is fairly easy though to contain, most of the crops that are modified have very high nutritional demands, they need regular watering, regular nitrates and minerals, near perfect soil. I take it, from the looks of the comments, there are practically no HN community members from a farming background. Most of these plants will die without farmers or being in a field prepared by farmers. That's why weeds are such a problem for farmers, they outcompete their very needy crops. The only real exception I can think of (out of the modified crops) that can thrive on its own is potatoes, the rest of them are very needy and don't do well in the wild. Even with potatoes though they spread best by spuds, the seeds are tiny and die easy. But that's why the others were the first targets for modification, to resist the chemicals required to suppress competition.
My logic is that Monsanto got the gene that gives the wheat its resistance to RoundUp (aka glyphosate) from Agrobacterium (see 1) which is perfectly capable of horizontal gene transfer into plants itself, without Monsanto helping (see 2). Also, there are plenty of weed species that are already glyphosate resistant (see 3). I suspect that a greater problem is that widespread and frequent use of glyphosate will increase the prevalence of resistance in weeds.
1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundup_Ready#Genetic_engineer...
Also the EU will stop buying wheat that is known to have been GE contaminated.
Being that all of the techniques used in the industry are based off of nature anyways, if it is plausible for GMOs to do it, then normal plants have been doing it before GMOs even existed.
I'm pro GMO, the science is very sound and uses techniques directly from nature to modify plants, so it's not like we are making something that can't shouldn't exist. But I've always said, its our addiction to the pesticides and soil neglect that is far more harmful than any of these approved GMOs are going to pose.
I'm curious to know though. What specific complexity are you worried about disrupting.