*SUN*
++--++--++--++--++ layer 1--++--++--++--++-- layer 2
layer 1 polarizes all light in the '+' direction or the '-' direction. layer 2 does the same, but is the inverse of layer 1.
Notice that ambient light can pass through at an angle because the light didn't pass through both polarization directions. I think jws is saying 25% of ambient light passes through because the polarization step takes 50%, but half the ambient directions are blocked off completely (say by the moire patterns) so that makes 25% of ambient light.