Tokyo proves you need tremendous investment in infrastructure, not just unleashing developers to build without restriction.
The end to end control over development of these networks+districts was still more centralized, though not by a government, compared to the rather uncoordinated mess that has been US public transit development.
https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/capital-projects-and-inf...
It's of course not the only thing you need for a healthy city. But it's a great start!
It's a chicken and egg problem.