Let's go back to the world where there is no internet. Imagine someone spreads a rumor about you. Or a praise. People might have heard this, before they even met you. It can be illegal, harmful, or beneficial, but it's under the control of the people you interact with.

If you meet someone for the first time, and the person heard from someone that you're dealing drugs, and you tell her you don't, and ask them where they heard that, they might trust you over the rumor, and you'll try to eradicate the rumor.

There are differences, mainly in that the call receiver has greater power to reject the call based on the information they have.

I think the real story is in the interaction and how the app behaves, for the receiver. Were they aware that they were putting Chloe into the database? The article doesn't say. Without this, it's hard to judge whether the same thing couldn't have happened in a world without internet (imagine a small village). It doesn't seem to be entirely black and white.