Yes. On the routing level. The attacker literally announces 'This IP address network is mine now' via BGP and gets the traffic. Most such incidents are not real attacks though, but misconfigurations. And there are the MANRS recommendations, which can prevent a lot of problems, including the one described in the article.

>but the internet infrastructure itself?

Kind of. The Internet is similar to a chain link fence. Every link in the chain needs to perform its role as expected, otherwise shit breaks.

In the case of the Internet, there are many ISPs that are leak links in the chain.