Beyond A/B testing: hypothesis testing for startups
rashmisinha.com
rashmisinha.com
The end result should be an organization with a theory about how it does business. The gift that good founders have that others don't is the knowledge of what that theory was, the key assumptions it makes, and how to tinker with it.
http://steveblank.com/2010/05/13/consultants-don%E2%80%99t-p... describes this process very well.