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We really don’t. But what we do know is that passive index investors save 0.5%-2% per year of returns by being passive, and that makes up for a lot.

You can save that same amount by buying stock yourself (subject to availability in your account, I guess some retirement accounts offer only funds)

Could, but it’s a record keeping nightmare. And buy/sell commissions/friction.

I’ll keep paying $1/3k p.a. to VTI in management fees.