They build them there because all the supply chain is already there. In Shenzhen, the capacitors, resistors, PCBs and most chips are sourced in bulk from around the block. That's something no other country in the West or even East has and it's such a complex interconnected ecosystem that you can't replicate it anywhere else right now.
Most of the CNC, tooling and moulding craftsmen are there as well, the west has far too few left to be able to take over such volumes. Training so many can take years and that's assuming you even find enough people willing to be trained.
It's like their transport latency is so low and reliable that they don't need as much buffering. It's amazing to see what small and large quantity production lines can look like.
Reading this, I begin to scratch head hearing people complaining about factories being squeezed out towards boundaries of Shenzhen municipality.
I remember people thinking of that as some end of the world event.
An iPhone built in the US from domestic components would probably cost more than most peoples' cars.
And Tesla is well behind the major car manufacturers in using automation.
can you recommend any sources for learning more about the state of automated CE/smartphone manufacturing, or this based on personal experience?
Why hasn't any other auto manufacturer thought of this?!
Tesla doesn't have this problem you see.
Vietnam also has hundreds of thousands of CNC, toolings and craftmen to produce in Samsung's volume. This supply chain narrative is something Apple marketing folks invented to justify their outsourcing. Trump's trade war with China, as many contract manufacturer move out of China, will prove none of that supply chain myth is true within a year or two.
https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/22/business/apple-america-an...
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/28/technology/iphones-apple-...