Brakes, or a strong motor.
Alternatively, you could put an actual torque sensor between the motor and the control wheel, which might buy you some accuracy at considerably more expense. For a flight simulator, expense is unlikely to be an issue -- I tend not to have that luxury, and typically don't need that much accuracy anyway.
These kind of control systems are all over modern aircraft, much less simulators. Any new grad control systems engineer should be able to knock something like this out.
Or you just buy a COTS servo that does all that for you. Just saying, hardly a need to reinvent these particular wheels...