When I went from amateur Python programmer to Google Cloud developer support, I remember being completely blown away by technology and design patterns I've never heard of that goes into modern web/enterprise architecture. I had to learn it all the hard way, but these days there are great free (or mostly free) courses you can take to learn this stuff.

For Google, check out the study guides for their certifications, specifically Cloud Architect (basic overview), Cloud Developer, and Data Engineer.

https://cloud.google.com/certification/

Be sure to follow along with the recommended Coursera and Qwiklabs tutorials and do the exercises. You'll learn about all kinds of neat stuff, like scalable application design, container technology, monitoring+metrics, various types of database technologies, data pipelines (including Pub Sub messaging), SRE best practices, networking+security, and machine learning.

I currently work on AWS, and don't find it a good starting point for diving in to these things quickly, but most companies use it so it wouldn't hurt to learn I guess. I still recommend GCP over AWS to start with, as their technology is far more interesting and focused, and quicker/easier to work with.