- Any time you're moving up under your own power, you're climbing.
- Any time you're moving up on a suitably steep cliff under your own power, it's rock climbing.
- If you're placing gear into the rock, then pulling on that gear -- sort of making a moving ladder -- you're aid climbing.
- If you're using ropes and gear strictly for protection, moving up with hands and feet on the rock only, you're free climbing.
- If the gear is at the top of the climb, you're top-roping. Falls are usually very safe and only a few feet.
- If you're placing the gear as you climb, then climbing above it, you're leading.
- If you forgo all the safety gear, but stay low enough that you're only risking your ankles, you're bouldering.
- Otherwise, free soloing.
The vast majority of climbers use safety gear for good reason... I'd be dead many dozen times over without it.