No, the main difference is that on Windows the GUI libraries (USER32.DLL, etc) are considered part of the OS and have an API that remains backwards compatible. The applications are not statically linking the GUI libraries, they are dynamically linked against them, pretty much like on Linux.
However on Linux the GUI libraries do not care a bit about preserving backwards compatibility (see Gtk1, Gtk2, Gtk3 and soon Gtk4, see Qt1, Qt2, Qt3, Qt4, Qt5 and soon Qt6 - although in Qt's case they cant do much thanks to C++'s ABI issues and TBH i wouldn't expect them do since Qt is primarily made by a company with interests in providing a crossplatform UI library, not the native GUI library for Linux).
Windows simply provides a much richer API than Linux as a standard that applications can rely on.