The only reason Google tried the nanotrenching is because AT&T fought them tooth and nail on using the telephone polls.
(This geographical topology is also why for instance Mammoth Cave National Park is nearby, and has one of the largest known and explored cave systems in North America.)
The city has a very robust utility pole grid and almost all of its infrastructure has always been on utility poles.
[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst
ETA: Which is also to say that utility poles were not just the only other option, they were the only sustainable option period in this city, with this climate, and this geography. Google knew that going in to the project and still decided to try something different that history should have convinced them was doomed to fail.