You buy this information indirectly any time you use any of Google's targeted advertising services. And yes, anyone can buy into it.
Which means what?
If you aren't actually getting user information, then simply put you aren't buying user information. Anything else is twisting words to distort their meanings.
Google has information about you. Incredibly detailed, intimate information about you. Harvested by collecting and correlating all of your usage of their products and services.
Anyone can pay Google to use that knowledge in pursuit of other services, like targeted ads. No, you do not get access to that knowledge directly, but Google has it and is using it when paid to do so.
In effect, you can pay Google to have indirect use of that knowledge.