Depending on what it is you're doing, I feel that .net and Java are far superior choices. Obviously these are pretty heavy languages, so obviously decide for yourself whether the size of your app justifies using a language like this. My thoughts run along the lines of: "If people are justifying using Typescript because their projects are large and critical, they're probably large and critical enough to use a language designed for enterprise-scale development." I personally haven't used Go, but I've heard good things about its use in this domain too.

TypeScript is very easy to use with Node. You can also use the debugger in WebStorm with it just fine, and you'll be stepping through your TS code instead of your generated JS code.

The problem is really the Node ecosystem, which is a mess and a circus of security issues. Deno[1] may fix most of JS/Node's problems eventually.

For now, if you want a type system that's comparable to TS with a great ecosystem, the best you can get is either F# or Kotlin. If you're not a fan of ML, then you might want to start with Kotlin.

1. https://github.com/denoland/deno