That being said, I work in a field that is not as sexy as some others (medicine, psychology), and I would guess the issues are bigger there, due to the kind of students that are attracted to these types of majors.
In the US, students can literally complain to the dean who then puts pressure on the professor. And they do, so professors know to err on the lenient side.
In fact: the average grade at Harvard has been an A- for some years now. So grades from Harvard are basically meaningless.
I won't deny grade inflation, but Harvard allows students to drop classes very late in the semester. For "hard" classes, it wasn't uncommon for less than 25% of the students present in the second week of class to still be around to take the final. I never saw anything like that at the public university I went to as an undergrad.
Some amount of the high average grade is because the students not doing so well in the course drop with little to no penalty.
>> Rich parents setting up their kids using tactics at various degrees along the ethical-unethical-illegal spectrum is not a US centric phenomenon but a basic human condition.
Over the past 20 centuries we saw enough events that implied literally killing those who were abusing their positions of power, and I am pretty sure poor people are absolutely capable of doing so again today.
History is periodic, but lack of ethics isn't a basic human condition.
A university that was government-funded well enough that it didn't have to solicit rich alumni could employ traditional anti-corruption/anti-cheating mechanisms, like blind admissions based on grades alone.
But that’s because I believe strongly in the power of outliers and that systems need to support and foster those outliers to achieve the best outcomes.
The smartest and most qualified applicants often don’t have the best grades. In fact I think a purely grades based system would be far from optimal, select for the wrong strengths, and miss many of the best applicants.
Of the top 10 universities ranked by number of Nobel prizes, the US holds 8 spots. US is doing something right.
But it could..
On the other hand, most of those students didn't take up an excessive amount of faculty and TA time. Instead, they kept their heads down. Most of the class time I saw wasted was due to fully-qualified students who wanted to argue with the instructor or who thought they should be teaching the class.