Aside from that, I'm glad you've highlighted Laravel, which—despite being the most popular server-side Web framework on GitHub—gets virtually no attention from HN. It's typical to use Laravel in the old server-side rendered Rails paradigm (which is still probably best for some applications), but I've had success using it to develop APIs as well. Core features like the ORM, job queues, dependency injection, email templating, etc, are very solid, and the ecosystem of packages around it is phenomenal. I would recommend it to any Web developer.
Which are the "right extensions" because what I saw was not "fun" at all.
PS: I haven't used php for 2 years, let me know if there is an update on debugging.
I am not sure how well such a feature is supported in javascript, ruby, java or what not out of the box...