I either go down with arrows (I know it's controversial), beginning of file with :1, end of file with G, line number with :[line number] or search with /. I usually don't have large files so this works very well (and I almost exclusively go by line number on large files).
> Moving one character at a time
I use ^ for beginning of line, $ for end of line, e to move quickly in a line
> Searching for the word under the cursor
Nice, didn't know about */#, I just type what I'm searching, gonna use that.
> Deleting, then inserting
Insert mode is fine.
> Using the arrow keys
I use the arrow keys, and I don't care about all the arrow-key shamers out there.
> Moving in insert mode
I use insert mode only while editing (makes sense). I don't get the point of this paragraph.
> Moving to Escape
I'm fine with escape key.
> Moving to the start or end of the line, then inserting
I much prefer just going into insert mode.
> Entering insert mode, then opening a new line
I also use o quite often (as it just goes into insert mode).
> Entering insert mode to delete text
Yes, I delete with dd, de, etc. (. is also useful for that), deleting in insert mode is painful for more than one character.
> Repeating commands or searches
Didn't know about q: and q/, pretty useful, nice.
> Repeating substitutions
I use %s/for/far/g or %s/for/far/, or for a few lines, I select them (shift-v) (visual mode) then : (which auto-sets it to :'<,'>) then :'<,'>s/for/far/ for instance.
Anyway, been using vim for ~5 years with a pretty light .vimrc and one thing I would recommend is bogado/file-line plugin which lets you open a file at a line, e.g. vim app/models/user.rb:48
My vimrc if anyone is curious: https://gist.github.com/localhostdotdev/aa25d1c81f3f3b67ac35...