Why US Major Infrastructure Construction Costs Are So High

Besides the fact that in the US there is a level of specialization and limitations in the workers that is unheard of in the used comparison term Spain (which might cause an increase of workers in a "same" project in the US), an average construction worker in New York is likely to cost twice, maybe even more than what an average construction worker costs in Madrid, and this difference might well increase when we are talking specialized or high-skill workers (such as those employed in large infrastructures/tunneling, particularly if TBM driven).

A couple data points:

https://www.careerexplorer.com/careers/construction-worker/s...

https://www.constructionworkers.eu/en/es/country

And then there is different cost of materials, access to the sites, traffic and what not, and differences in the rock/terrain to be bored, etc., etc., the idea that the way bids/contracts are made and carried on, and the following litigations are the cause of an increase in costs/prices on may have some merits but the Author will need to provide much more data than what is in the article to be credible.