See How Easily a Rat Can Wriggle Up Your Toilet | National Geographic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0t2VPBF6Kp4 - Also as the owner of three pet rats, can confirm they can get through the most ridiculously small holes.
My house however lacks rats. We've had an ongoing competition between the two cats. They're pretty evenly matched at this point for rats and mice caught.
Rats can definitely squeeze into very small spaces. However, they cannot squeeze through packed copper wool impregnated with silicone caulk.