Couldn't you just view your profile while logged out? Or using a browser in incognito mode?
There's a more limited view if you're not logged in with an account. You could create another account just for this though..
No, you have to either make a fake account or get a friend to show you their view when you temporarily unfriend them. If your profile is moderately locked down you can't view much if you're logged out completely. So there's no good way to quickly see everything about you that's visible to anyone on Facebook.
I wouldn't be surprised if FB doesn't have a concept of "non-friend." People are either friends or friends you haven't met yet.
FB does have a concept of enemy, though. Which is implemented as communication embargo.
Nah, those are "old friends".
You can also block people who are not your friends.
Yeah Google+ had that when it asked you to categorize your contacts into friends, coworkers, family, and acquaintances.
And what's more, is that some security settings can be set to "friends of friends", now that I think about it.