Speaking from personal experience, residual 'disconnection' / difficulties resolve after ~48 hours. I actually feel more connected to 'reality' during/after tripping, but everyone's experiences vary.
Lately there has been some promising research into psilocybin's long-term effects on the brain and specifically depression - it's becoming clear that the drug has a unique effect in breaking down old (potentially negative) pathways/connections and allowing new (potentially healthier) connections to form in their place. Really interesting stuff.