The biggest pitfalls, in my experience are
1. Infinite recursion when implementing get and printing proxies with console.log in node.js (which attempts to access properties from the object prototype which can lead to infinite recursion problems).
2. Performance, which I would need to do more digging and benchmarking to comment on in more depth.
Some libraries that use Proxies to great effect are the https://github.com/mobxjs/mobx-state-tree and https://github.com/mweststrate/immer libraries both by mweststrate