"The SRI internal events that led to the failure have been reproduced by simulation calculations. Furthermore, both SRIs were recovered during the Board's investigation and the failure context was precisely determined from memory readouts. In addition, the Board has examined the software code which was shown to be consistent with the failure scenario. The results of these examinations are documented in the Technical Report."

You may also be interested in section 2.3 which describes the factors that led to simulations failing to discover this failure mode

[1] https://web.archive.org/web/19970125194224/http://www.esrin....

Surely there was an equivalent of a black box on the spacecraft right? Just a hunch I don’t actually know