I almost don't use umbrellas, when I get the chance, anymore.
I've been thinking about different ways to solve this exact problem for quite some time. The damage is largely caused by high shearing forces on the spurs that hold the umbrella up, so allowing those forces to be relieved by something in tension (I used 200lb test fishing line) should work pretty well -- but it tends to get in your way.
I'm tempted to order one of these just to see if it stands up to Boston weather. I've tried other commercial "inversion-proof" umbrellas before, and they were... not, but I don't think I've ever seen one that did this using a flexible aerodynamic design.
Clearly if the winds were a steady 60mph or so you'd never bother to open the brolly or if you had it open you'd close it to save struggling against the wind.