There you go: bug turned into a feature.
"It's user error" is a weak excuse if any kind of significant number of users are doing it.
If I force quit an app on my computer, it no longer runs and does things.
I still think of it as user error if they force quit an app but still expect it to run in the background. Why force quit it?
I could see how it could be a UX failure for the OS but I don't think we can blame the dev for that. Apple should clarify what force quit does. I think the advent of webapps that don't really exist on your phone at all also causes confusion: the app has been updated with more content each time you use it, even if it's not running in the background, but to the user that's indistinguishable from the app running in the background.
But it comes down to this: if a user explicitly kills an app, should it keep running in the background?
If the answer is "yes", then what you're really saying is users shouldn't be able to kill apps if the app doesn't want to be killed.
I get that some users don't know what killing an app means but do it anyway for some reason.
But that's not a problem with background refresh. E.g., maybe iOS could warn/explain about the implications of killing an app (with a checkbox so you can opt-out of further warnings).
Edit: just realized I left the word “not” out just above, which reverses it’s meaning
I just don't think it's reasonable to expect the average use to "get" that.