Ask HN: Can You Build an Operating System for ML or Scientific Computing?

I realize this question may miss the point of an operating system entirely, and that is in part why I'm asking. I came into ML from Biology and I don't know much about low level computation, operating systems, or distributed systems.

Can operating systems be designed from the hardware up for a specific vertical, and would there be any advantage to designing one for ML, versus using Linux or some other system?