I'd start with everything by Hennessy and Patterson. That should cover most of how CPUs and memory systems work.

I grew up with Tannenbaum for networking, though most people went toward Comer and Stevens. Maybe there's something even more current.

I honestly don't know anything as good for storage, which is funny since it's my own specialty. I can try to cobble together a reading list if you'd like.

Something on operating systems. Vahalia for an overview, Bach for System V, gang of four for BSD. Yes, study something besides Linux ... but do study Linux as well. Not sure which books are good for that.

Something on compilers. Is the dragon book still the go-to reference here?

Even if you don't work in those specific areas, that should give you the grounding to study more. I'd also throw in something on databases, but don't know a specific book/author. Distributed systems much like storage: definitely learn, can't think of a good single source, can create a list if you want (I think I did one for a colleague not too long ago).

Good luck!