Two popular note taking apps which do this are Dropbox Paper and Notion.so, but they only support inline math. A niche app that does both is Gitbook but they’re a newer company and I’m not sure about personal plans.

Edit: I should add neither of these support code execution. I would really love if someone could point to a Wikipedia / knowledge base composed of Jupyter notebooks but have the functionality inverted — primarily focused on note taking and secondarily on code execution.