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This has to be a big component of it. Working 16 to 28 hour consecutive shifts, often over night, where a mistake can potentially be fatal, with very irregular sleep hours. That has to be a recipe for disaster. After I learned that was what residents’ schedules were like I was terrified of going to the hospital.

100% correct. The sleep issues alone are enough to make most people fit the diagnostic criteria for depression.

Compare this with countries who have very little licensure/regulation of the profession and I'm sure those doctors and students are much less stressed.

And I'm sure a number of them can also be dismissed as "bad doctors", but not all.