Trace route can help with that somewhat, I've noticed that a few times with redundant connections
All of the unexpected shared infra issues I’ve observed have been down at this lower level that never shows up at the IP layer.
I worked at two small ISPs, each with a fiber network spanning a few US states. They had their own databases to track this information, but as far as I know there was no central database. One of them used OSPInsight backed by a self-hosted SQL Server database. I don't know what the other place used.