There is a central one actually, 失信人名单[1], maintained by the judicial branch. Other credit scores can be used as evidence on a court.
Recently ZTE lost a case and its legal representative was on that list. If you are doing business in China, make sure checkout that list first. You can search for both corporations and citizens. Actually personally I think if Chinese stole so many IPs, western companies should embrace the system to fight dishonest Chinese companies.
But it's certainly not Zhima/sesame credit.