Any kind of thin client/zero client usage, where local storage is not required or allowed. Many years ago I used a similar solution for a finance company. The users just needed to get access to a browser to connect to a specific web service.
What was the implementation like? A unikernel spun up on demand?
You could easily do that with Linux. You'd just need to boot via PXE, and use an NFS root. You might even be able to just use an initramfs, and not even have a mounted root.