I believe as long as you connect to WIFIs that are already geolocated by other people's phones, you are in.

Uncloaked WIFI probes also can expose you to stalker routers.

you can start with getting NetGuard - a no-root firewall that can be used to prevent apps from connecting to unnecessary domains. It's from the same developer who made xPrivacy.

If you can achieve root, you will have much greater controls over privacy. Unfortunately, it seems cellphone manufacturers are moving away from giving users control over their devices.

Disable WiFi scanning and Bluetooth scanning. Search for "scan" in settings.

Flash your device with a custom ROM that supports location spoofing?