Not exactly android but if you buy a phone supported by LineageOS then you have that functionality from privacy guard. You can set various app permissions to always ask as well as other things such as (dis)allow an app to start at boot.

As a bonus you can be confident those settings will remain the same after updates ;)

You can use Automate or other apps to enable/disable Location only when you have a specified app in the foreground. It's a bit clunky because it relies on enabling GPS each time you bring the app up (which also means you get a 'Can Google keep all your location data all the time?' prompt or two). It also relies on Accessibility services which might go away or be more heavily curtailed in the future.