The Programming Languages Zoo
plzoo.andrej.com
plzoo.andrej.com
(1) Dependent types. c.f Idris (or Agda, or others -- but Idris).
(2) Logic programming. (It appears in the list of languages ("miniprolog") but not the list of paradigms.)
I consider both of these much more important than some of the more popular paradigms (object-oriented, procedural, dynamic typing -- if I never use such a language again it'll be too soon).
I.e. the book starts with a basic language and extends it in different ways to gain more espressive potential, i.e. HOFs, lazyness, state, different concurrency primitives, logic programming, constraint solving etc.
It's a big book, but it's wonderful.
If you're not familiar with programming already, python has a very low cost of entry and a massive following.
If you're familiar with programming and looking to get into functional stuff, Haskell will give you a pretty good start.