* "The impact of color combinations on the legibility of text presented on LCDs" ("Dark text generally leads to greater legibility when contrast ratio is greatest."): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000368701...
* "Night Mode, Dark Thoughts: Background Color Influences the Perceived Sentiment of Chat Messages" (not directly applicable, but interesting: "Those who rated the messages against a black background perceived them more negatively than those who worked against a white background"): https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-67684-5_...
There's probably more, but I'd guess it's highly dependent on personal preference, vision, and ambient lighting, among other things.