HSN-1000 Nuclear Event Detector (2005) [pdf]

Its minimum detection level is ~200Krad/sec (~2000Gy/sec). You would be extremely dead by the time it tripped.

You could also try a bhangmeter:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhangmeter

You'd use a laboratory test source. It appears to be a miniaturized radiation detector, which trips when the gamma and/or neutron fluence exceeds a certain level. "Nuclear event detector" does not necessarily mean anything extreme like a bomb going off, it just means exposure to an amount of radiation (from any source) above a given threshold; it can't actually distinguish what the source is.

So testing and calibrating it would consist of exposing it to a source of known strength and making sure it trips. For this kind of setup, the source doesn't have to be an actual nuclear weapon going off or whatever target event, it'll trip for any sort of gamma or neutron source (presumably, it's light on details and I haven't ever seen one of these in the wild). There are a wide range of suitable industrial sources available commercially.

Edit: you can safely assume that the manufacturer provides a detailed calibration procedure wherever the more complete documentation is. Probably specifies what test sources to use and how to correlate them with different types of target events, which they determined through simulation and laboratory measurements. Also worth noting that this thing is very likely entirely analog, given its intended use.

Lookup up the 'z pinch' or more generally 'pinch machines'

I suspect that or a similar methodology is in use.