> I actually learned the domain of authentication only on company time
True, but that same type of argument can be made for any of us. It's important not to take that argument too far, though. Remember that your company benefits from you learning & growing as well.
To be honest, I think the same way as you do. I feel really bad being a dick to an employer because I feel like I owe them something (although many HN'ers would argue we owe our employers nothing).
For me, it's helpful to make my guilt concrete - do I feel like I owe something to the company, or to specific people who mentored me? Usually it's the latter. And usually - hopefully - if they're good people, they'd be understanding if I made a decision that's best for me.
The advice I'd give to you is do what's best for you, which in this case seems like quitting and working on what you care about. But also show appreciation for the people that helped you along the way and don't burn bridges. A heartfelt thank you note/email (specific & different for each person) goes a long, long way. People remember these things and will think of you in the future.
And if they don't care or remember? Then you made the right choice to leave.