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N is the sample size that you’ve sampled already in your observation.

If you’ve sampled all the pages, then we are talking about certainty which this wouldn’t apply.

The assertion was that the probability is less than 3/N.

In my example, there’s either 1 page or 19800 pages left. But the post suggests the probability of a typo is the same in both cases.

It's the probability of finding a typo on a page, not the remainder of the book.

Ah now I see the difference, thank you.