What is the purpose of doing this though? Why would you want to find the original parameters of a scene that was ray traced? Wouldn't those parameters already be available?
The potential uses I see are:
1) Given a finished 3D render and a first pass at recreating the scene, nudge your scene closer to the render
2) Given a photograph and a first pass at recreating the photograph, make your render more photorealistic.
No,you cant tell how pixels will change when you nudge a camera normally without recalculating everything. If environment is differentiable you can cheat and see for instance that you needed to move your arm a little to the left last bowl to get a strike (moving your arm effects your hand which shifts the ball which knocks down more pins which increases your score)
Given an image from a physical camera, convert it into a 3D map with comparable properties.