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In HTTPS, nobody. Else, proxies ?

It is addressed above:

> This effect didn't happen with in the TCP world, since most applications don't run with enough privileges to speak TCP without the kernel's involvement.

The argument is that while kernel developers wouldn't start this supposed "arms race", but application developers would.

I think we would have seen this already with things like (m)uTP if it was an issue.

The GP was talking about controlling both ends of the connection, I assumed that implied having root-level access to both ends. A scenario where you control both ends but don't have full TCP/IP stack access on at least one side seems pretty academical.

(But even then, just open lots of TCP connections if you want to have your unfair share of bandwidth)

Clients' kernels?