1) It used to be possible to shift down multiple gears quickly (e.g., when coming to a stop light). Now, many index shifting systems outside of twist shift only allow one gear shift at a time.
2) It used to be all bikes had replaceable chainrings, allowing you to replace worn rings, adjust the overall gear ratio of the bike higher or lower, or change the ratios to create a half-step shift pattern. Now, many bikes have sprockets riveted to the crank arm and derailleur systems so tightly matched to the size of the chainrings that changing chainring size is no longer feasible.