It's been ~10 years since I looked at the numbers, but I remember it being something like 30% of bankruptcy filings are due to medical issues and associated costs.
Maybe systemetizing it a priori would have a different impact on people's perception about the mechanism though?
According to this https://www.yourmoney.com/credit-cards-loans/living-beyond-m... circa 10% of bankruptcy proceedings were due to ill health.
I don't think much can be drawn from that though as there are too many legal and cultural differences in the application of bankrupsy.
[1]https://prescriptions.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/07/insured-b...
Also, ceteris paribus, if you get ill and you've worked harder, you'll have more resources to help yourself, so you'll be less likely to be broke by the end of it. Under this system, how hard you worked doesn't increase your expected amount of money next year.
Also, all the rich would immediately flee the country.