This is hardly new. I remember collecting ebooks on 4chan circa 2005 via this method. The fact that it was a jpg allowed you to post it on the imageboard with the zip/RAR file therein containing a txt/doc/rtf of the ebook.
The difference is that twitter applies a series of operations to all uploaded image, stripping EXIF data, recompressing, etc., which would normally be difficult to work around.
There are lots of apps/software to do just that.