IBM acquires Red Hat | Hacker News Reader

IBM acquires Red Hat

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2,611 pointsnopriorarrests1,052 comments

I went to IBM(India) interview sometime in 2011, after leaving GlusterFS (Red Hat). Interview went well, during final call with management. I was asked to stop working on Open Source during weekends or off-hours even though the IBM project and my Open Source work has nothing in common.

I said, "I thought, IBM support Open Source right?" his response, "Yes, but that's another team"

I decided to call-off the interview after that.

What wouldn't be the 5th time I've heard such stories, but I don't think it's in any way specific to IBM. Employers like that want any OT you do to be dedicated to THEIR endeavor, not somebody else's...even your own.

If you're able and willing to code in your off-time, you should be doing it for the good of the Company. /s

Yeah sure, and if you like I can also clean the bathrooms because I know how to do it... Off-time is for your own not for your company regardless off what you do with it.

The /s stands for sarcasm

I've always wondered whether /s predates, was a concurrent development, or is an evolutionary shortening of </sarcasm>.

The history went something like this:

    jk
    </sarcasm>
    <sarcasm>...</sarcasm>
    </sarcasm>
    /sarcasm
    /sarc
    /s
    \s

⸮ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irony_punctuation

This punctuation is very ironic.

No it doesn't, it stands for "This used to be sarcasm but I ruined it by telling you"

People use it for a reason. Intended tone does not carry reliably over text.

It also stands for "hitting over head with hammer"

If they want that sort of dedication they can give me equity or back off.

It's a terrible and completely unreasonable stance for an employer. You get the hours you pay for. You don't get to own people's free time.

One relatively benign reason behind such policies is that the employer wants your free time to actually be free time that helps your recover, not a second job that leaves you exhausted and fighting burnout and sleep deprivation.

That doesnt stand up to reason. There was no enquiry into the amount of hours put into this that would indiciate it was second job or exhausting, they also don't do a full enquiry into any other activities outside your work that might exaust you. That would make contributing to open source a totally arbitrary thing to pick on, which of course it isn't.

This happens because the "first job" doesn't pay enough (so doesn't allow for long-term free time), or has hours that are too long to begin with (so doesn't allow for short-term free time).

That's not benign at all - using your "free" time for rest and recovery so that you can be worked to exhaustion during the week.

And yet if I went to work at a retail job, they wouldn’t care.

It’s purely to help themselves.

They can "want" whatever they like. Doesn't mean it's reasonable, nor something people should cater to. ;)

More the opposite. Your contract says 8 hours, but everyone does 11 on average, so there is no way you could dispute ownership of those results.

Secondly most IT companies have 'innovation participation' programs that want to have first dibs on all your creative ideas, whether it's on the clock or off.

Thirdly, in an industry with very low start-up costs (all you need is a computer)and high competition for talent, even the potential threat of a former employer claiming IP over your new business can be a potential deterrent that nudges people into just not do it.

The response to this should be "Sure, for 3x the salary"

So when you come up with a solution to a work problem in the shower in the morning or while lying awake in bed in the evening you could sell it to the employer, since you owned that time?

What happens if you create something patentable in the eve information related to your employer's business, maybe even to your project. Can you patent it yourself and then collect royalties from your employer?

What happens if you infringe Copyright on a competitor on your GitHub project, where your GitHub profile also says where you are working, can the competitor distinguish wether it was you personally or as part of work?

For creative work it is tough to fully distinguish between work and leisure time ... some companies deal with this better though, than others.

In a right to work state, you could indeed walk in, terminate your employment, and file a patent later. You could then charge that company for that work. In civil court, it would be argued as to when you actually had the idea.

In these civil suits, the one with the most money wins, so you would still lose even if you indeed solved the problem after you left.

No need to defend those huge corporations. They're perfectly capable of bribing officials to screw over employees all by themselves.

This is a fair argument, but the solution isn't to just strip the employees right to own their own thoughts.

The specific problem seems to be about patents and trade secrets. If a contract covered those two things well, would an employer have legitimate cause to push further than that?

Well, for corporate lawyers the solution is easy :-D

A good solution is hard.

> If you're able and willing to code in your off-time, you should be doing it for the good of the Company.

Excuse me, what the f...?

The same is for Intel...

I can see Joel's points here and this is relevant to the discussion.

It's probably the article he has written I disagree with the most as there is a simple way to deal with this; be very clear about the projects, code and designs the employee works on each month and sign them over as they are delivered. That way the employee's own work will be clear should there be any legal wrangling. This could be done by a status in Jira for example.

https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2016/12/09/developers-side-pr...

I'm an IBMer and the current rule is you can work on OS projects in your own time as long as it isn't to the detriment of IBM's projects.

IBM has such a large portfolio that you are probably hard pressed finding an OSS project that doesn't compete with an IBM solution.

Funnily enough, one of the most praised points in Red Hat's code of conduct is the fact that it specifically says that you can work on open source projects _even if it is to the detriment to Red Hat_. Guess that's going to change now.

Disclaimer: Red Hat employee (at the moment)

That's a great example. I remember a lengthy thread about this on memo-list back when I was at Red Hat. Always made me smile.

It's also how we were able to spin out our company and raise VC on something inspired by experience, if not using the same code, as what we worked on internally. Having one of the Red Hat founders as our investor helped, but I just loved this attitude of "go build something awesome and keep in touch".

I hope your transition goes well!

(Also a Red Hatter)

So...not completely true. There was that one memo-list thread last year where someone complained loudly that they were not allowed to work on an intentionally competing solution and repo, even if it was on their own time.

He was certainly allowed to work on it on his own time. He just was no longer being paid by Red Hat to work on it, or to travel to conferences/conventions to work on it.

Hey ndru, I'm a reporter with Bloomberg and I'm keen to stay in touch with Red Hat employees to get an accurate picture of how the acquisition is going. Can keep it completely anonymous. gerritdevynck@protonmail.com if you're interested. Thanks!

As IBMer you should know there are a plurality of local IBM all over the world, each with local laws and regulations to abide. In Italy all work produced off hours as subordinate is intellectual property of the employer by default unless you sign off a release form for each of them. In Ireland at least they don't want you to touch third party open source code without license vetting because it could inspire you subconsciously and result in copyright infringement.

This is some of the craziest stuff i've ever read. I must be naive, i've worked a couple big firms but have never seen employment terms like these.

These terms would be illegal in the Netherlands as the company cannot infringe on personal time.

> In Italy all work produced off hours as subordinate is intellectual property of the employer by default unless you sign off a release form for each of them.

I'm pretty sure that will not hold up in court if you go high enough (e.g. European) as it would impede self determination.

I am currently working for IBM and I'm tied. I had to supress my commercial project once I joined big blue. What I have in contract is - if you want to open a company, you need IBM's permission first.

And it's just frustrating as they try to block it for as long as possibe even if you're not doing IT in your private little business.

A long time ago I joined IBM via an acquistion of the company I worked for. One part of the (lengthy) contract I had to sign, was a form listing any side projects I may have that I would be required to no longer work on. I simply omitted that page when I returned the contract and no one ever noticed.

I'm curious. Anyone care to outline the legal ramifications of this action? What would happen if IBM tried to stop his side-project?

1. Would IBM be able to enforce the original contract as it was outlined when they sent it to him? Would he be liable to fraud or other similar charges (for instance if he altered the contract after IBM representative added their signature)?

2. Or would the altered contract stand up in court?

This reminds me of that extreme example of altering the contract: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/borrowin...

Very interesting read. However, he changed it before the bank added their signarture. I imagine that if you change the contract after a signature is added by one party, and then add your own signarture, that would surely be fraud... right?

If you presented the post-hoc changed contract as binding, I believe so. If you presented the post-hoc changed contract back to IBM and went "Hey, do you agree to an updated contract?" then you'd probably be laughed out of their office, but that's not a crime to ask them to update a contract.

You could make an intentionally vague reply saying; "Thanks! Here is the updated contract with my signature back.". Making the other party think you just updated the contract by adding your signature.

I remember the story. The bank's CEO (the guy is a billionaire of considerable notoriety in Russia) threatened to put the story's protagonist in jail for fraud for 4 years.

The protagonist took the threat very seriously (as he should have) and in a later interview to banki.ru (i.e. banks.ru) said that he was fleeing the country to a destination he preferred to keep secret. Reason being the precise "4 years" that was used. Not 2, not 3, not 5. Meaning that the CEO had already made "arrangements".

Then 2 days later there was an article that both him and the bank have reached a peaceful resolution and were recalling all mutual lawsuits.

I routinely alter almost every contract I receive. It drives a lot of doctor offices/emergency rooms nuts. But they have so far always calculated that their liability will be higher if they refuse service than if they allow me to cross out the part that says I won't sue them if they kill me.

It is a point of amusement to me to see that the receptionist is extremely uncomfortable agreeing to the terms I have come up with in the last five minutes. They don't think it is reasonable for me to expect them to execute the altered contract without consulting attorneys. I point out that five minutes ago they asked me to sign a contract without consulting a legal expert. Their multi-page contract had been painstakingly drafted by a team of expensive lawyers and meticulously tweaked over years. Yet they gave me mere seconds to read it, understand it, and sign it under duress of not receiving medical attention. If they balk at the contract I hand back to them, how can they expect me not to balk at the original contract?

On the other hand, if they refuse to provide medical care because I wouldn't sign away my rights to any photographs that might be submitted to medical journals, they had better be very confident in their lawyers.

Banks, rental agencies, repair shops, etc., on the other hand, can safely refuse my revised contract. Most don't glance at them when I hand them back.

There is a very good reason (pressure) these kind of contracts are unenforceable in most of the world. That would work both ways.

If they choose to have a judge nullify the contract, I'm good with that. I didn't add any verbage to the contract anyway, so that would just mean that the entire contract is void and not just the parts I crossed out. We can re-negotiate the whole thing. Oh, but this time, seeing as we're in front of a judge and all, I have a lawyer with me. And we can examine the reasonableness of every single line item on the bill without any medical time constraints.

The new contract can be something we collaborate on. Them, their lawyers, me, my lawyers, the whole happy family. We can take four or five years to do that. I'll pay them when we sort it all out.

Or... they can accept my thanks for sewing my toe back on and bill my insurance.

Either way, we are on much more equal ground after the fact.

IANAL, nut I would say 2. You can alter a contract proposition. It was up to IBM to check what was actually signed.

On the other hand, if I intentionally mislead you about the contents of a contract, it might not be binding. If you hand me a 10 page document, I pencil something in on page 7, sign it and hand it back to you without notifying you of the change, I don't thing you'd be required to honour my modifications.

Or you know, it might be fraud, as in the crime. Misleading someone about the contents of the contract they signed is exactly that. The paper (they printed) and gave to you in the understanding that you would sign and return it was altered in flight.

Essentially: if IBM wants you thrown in jail, you will be thrown in jail for this. Have fun in court.

At least for real estate contracts in the US, both parties have to initial each of the alterations and amendments to the contract that typically come up during negotiations. I doubt a random line crossed out in a contract would hold any legal weight in court unless acknowledged by both parties.

> I had to supress my commercial project once I joined big blue.

I am pretty sure this is the standard practice at all large companies, at least in the US. Small companies may just not care too much, but even at a small company if your management notices you might have to choose between that and your day coding. I wish it was not like this, but to me this is at least somewhat justifiable.

Much worse is the desire of most employers to control everything you do, including your work on open source project off hours. Want to fix coordinate computation for an open source satellite sim? Call the lawyers first. Lead a robotics club at a high school? Check with the management. IMO many employees do it anyway and hope to not get called on this, but this is formally going against the contract.

How do enough people agree to those terms to make them plausible in the first place? That's like going to work at a restaurant and being required to stop working at a soup kitchen on the weekends.

I would never agree to those terms and strike them out. That's ridiculous.

One way of looking at it is paying for mindshare. Sometimes companies want your brainpower only focussed on one programming problem. They might not want you at work, thinking about items in your side project.

Focus is a big deal. Doesn't make it right but it's the only business justification I've ever heard that actually seemed legit.

At the same time, there should be an expectation of compensation to give something like that up.

I've only worked at one large company (EA), but they were ok with side businesses as long as it wasn't competing with their core business of gaming. IIRC you could even promote it internally. This was about 9 years ago.

For game related things you could list them as existing inventions when joining. So you can carve out exceptions. Which is common with game companies.

(OT) I interviewed with IBM after they were acquiring my companies resources at the time. My first two interviews went swimmingly. On my third the interviewer had marked through my last name on my resume and when I asked about it she said she assumed I had spelled it wrong. That was the best thing that happened in the interview.

She assumed you misspelled your own last name? That's so bizarre.

Years later I had a thought that she was trying to throw me off and see how I reacted under pressure maybe - but bizarre is a great way to put it. She took everything I said out of context.

People are aware that they're not required to sign any contract they're not happy with, right? You are well within your rights to cross through any section of a contract or amend it until you're happy with it.

I've routinely done this with every contract I've ever signed. Nothing gets signed without legal scrutiny on my part and it never will; and I've quite literally never had a potential client or employer balk at this.

All of them have agreed that my amendments have been quite reasonable - and that includes scrubbing through any sections that prevent me from working for other clients or writing my own projects, commercial or otherwise.

Ensuring a contract is fair and equitable is part of doing business. There is nothing wrong with this. When you work for a company, you are still an autonomous person with your own agency. Any company that seeks to deny that agency don't deserve your employ.

Any reasonable and honourable company expects you to review contracts and amend them. You shouldn't feel bad about doing this. Nor should you feel coerced by the fact that they have given you a one sided contract. Make it equitable.

I don't care if you're IBM, Microsoft, Apple, Facebook or God almighty, himself. If you choose to attempt to quell my agency, our relationship is done. I will not be denied my agency and neither should anyone else.

Those companies that over-reach in a bid to control their employees are unscrupulous. This is the same kind of toxic behaviour that people seek to avoid in their relationships, yet somehow they're quite willing to live their life working in relationships like this... I don't understand the double standard.

I've heard soooooo many people say that "contracts are just standard paper and if I rock the boat I won't get the job."

Don't be bullied into signing a contract because you feel like you don't have any other option.

Contracts are not "standard paper," they are legally binding documents that seek to limit your behaviour. Don't let any employer reach outside their jurisdiction and into your personal life. Ever.

>People are aware that they're not required to sign any contract they're not happy with, right? You are well within your rights to cross through any section of a contract or amend it until you're happy with it.

How do people do this these days? Virtually everything I sign these days from my employment contract to my lease to the vast majority of the paperwork for my mortgage was all signed electronically. There's no apparent mechanism for redlining sections when e-signing.

You don't get coerced into signing for something electronically for a start. If this is the only way they allow to do this and don't allow for you to amend sections, you tell them that you will print it, have your lawyer amend it and then fax it back.

If they want your business, they will make concessions to win that business.

If they don't allow for this, then you need to be the one to decide if you still want to do business with them. I sure wouldn't. I'm not signing for anything that gives away my rights.

I generally refuse to sign edocuments, I'll print it and mail it. I might email scanned signed copies. But I have enough experience to know DocuSign sucks. I have zero faith in it.

I would have done the same.

Having worked at IBM for 10 years, this is what I have come to know how IBM operates top-down:

1. To make significant profits, we need to sell services on top of our software products (this is essentially GBS and their "strong" sales people)

2. To make very good profits, we need to make highly customizable software (for example AI and BI offerings).

3. To make even more profit we need to make sure the software is tuned to the hardware we make.

If one of those weakens the entire IBM portfolio and profits weaken dramatically.

Here's problems in last 7 years tho: 1. People moving to the cloud so the hardware business flatlines. 2. Because people moved to the cloud they found replacements to IBM software. 3. At the end of the day IBM is forced to deliver professional services on top of other companies' software and hardware (and services employees are not cheap).

At some point the IBM execs must have had an epiphany that their AI offerings don't sell because they don't have a platform that sells other commodity cloud services on top of which AI components can be sold as high-priced addons.

So thus IBM decided to do what it does best --- take control of the entire stack.

With this acquisition IBM has the potential to become a next gen. cloud vendor. For example IBM has been trying to sell Bluemix as a hybrid PaaS/IaaS but haven't been very successful. The engineering team in Bluemix is weak and one way to really up the ante is getting access to top talent in the industry to do this (CoreOS team, Openshift.io team, linux kernel devs, distributed storage devs).

What's not clear here is that why would one company, which is dong pretty well, better every year, would want to be sold to another company, which doesn't look well (from your own description), instead of just continuing growing and eventually "winning" the cloud market by themselves? Is that just because top Red Hat people wanted to cash out more quickly?

redhat must also have seen that their ability to grow will rely on a handful of clouds that may or mayn't continue to enable them on their platforms.

.. they probably though the price right now is better than what they would get in 5 years.

Because IBM vastly overpayed and there will not be another opportunity like that any time soon.

redhat was trading at around $120 last week and IBM announced "Red Hat for $190.00 per share in cash, representing a total enterprise value of approximately $34 billion."

That $120 was really high for redhat, who just crossed the $100/share price last year. (unless you count year 2000/dotcom-IPO-madness) RHT's market cap was previously $20B.

Note that IBM is buying every last Redhat share here, so of course it has to pay more than the price for "just one more" share.

That's not weird. It's a bit much as these things go, but 20-30% over the share price would not raise any eyebrows.

yeah it's not raising my eyebrows but I was trying to give the data to explain why an established and somewhat profitable company (like redhat) would sell to a player like IBM. It's just a lot of money to turn down!

Maybe because IBM would have provided a superior price, and RedHat is a public company answerable to shareholders.

Let's take reality, RedHat is still a small player compared to Amazon, Microsoft or Google. They don't have the bandwidth to compete on all the additional hosted services offerings. By partnering with IBM, they get access to IBMs entire suite of enterprise customers and hosted products, making them a serious competitor to the 3 big players instead of being a "me too, cloud". They could make it big together, looking optimistically. But it's on IBM to not screw this up.

>> Maybe because IBM would have provided a superior price, and RedHat is a public company answerable to shareholders.

I think a lot of readers probably don't understand what that line means. Even if the C-suite at RedHat did not want to do this, they have no choice. Shareholders can riot and oust you(executives) for not taking what they consider to be the "best deal"(and this is one heck of a deal). Long story short, even if you don't want to sell - once the price is high enough, the shareholders will force you.

This makes a lot of sense, thank you!

Amazon, Microsoft, Google. Now that RedHat has to compete against all three, perhaps it felt that now was the time to cash out.

They bought them for 136x earnings, for a mature company with $100s of millions, that's a pretty sweet multiple.

Guys, this is not just, or mainly not RH Linux. :(

- kernel development

- Ansible

- JBoss (I know HN hates Java, especially Java EE, but it was and is an important factor in enterprise OSS adoption)

- OpenShift

- Ceph, Gluster

All these are in danger, not just RHEL. I don't know about any other company that is large, successful, focuses on the enterprise and absolutely behind OSS. Canonical is way behind Red Hat in terms of revenue (1/20).

Sad.

IBM would rather push Spectrum Scale/GPFS over Ceph or Gluster

Spectrum Scale Support is one of the most horrific things I've encountered in my entire professional career.

It goes much deeper than that, Red Hat maintains or contributes regularly to a wide swath of the Linux ecosystem. They also have a policy of open sourcing acquisitions. If the deal goes through, it's a dark day for open source software.

Also in practice glibc, systemd, GNOME, etc. have a ton of maintainers from Red Hat, even if they're not Red Hat-owned the way Ansible or Ceph is.

Yeah the whole freedesktop.org stack is to a large extent RedHat folks.

Not to mention LibreOffice.

Add Fedora to the list - while technically a community project, Red Hat is the main contributor.

It seems to me that Red Hat is based on Fedora. Fedora being the fast release gratis community version and Red Hat the slow release commercial corporate version.

Then CentOS would the community gratis version of Red Hat.

That's basically how Red Hat describes it:

Fedora - Community Innovation

RHEL - Commercial Production

CentOS - Community Adoption

- etcd

Also Atomic/CoreOS - this will probably be cut now, perhaps even before it is complete.

http://www.projectatomic.io/blog/2018/06/welcome-to-fedora-c...

I doubt it. When you read the IBM and Core OS acquisition press releases side by side you get a lot of the same "hybrid cloud" language.

Update: Near as I can tell the acquisition completed in March/April.

We'll see. Often talk like that is just buzzword soup. What matters to large companies like IBM is money from services, not owning the coolest tech stack. If it is clearly contributing lots of money or it has a champion in IBM they'll keep it.

In progress greenfield projects with no obvious monetisation are just the sort of thing that gets cut in this sort of merger, after the assurances that redhat will be run as a completely independent unit are forgotten and a new manager comes in looking to trim fat.

I use coreos and am now very concerned about its future.

Well over in Fedora, it is full steam ahead. CoreOS is going to be merged with "atomic" (in particular rpm-ostree style updates and layering), and then base Silverblue on that, which will become Workstation. Could all of that work just stall out? shrug Yeah sure, and Red Hat could suddenly decide they want to support Btrfs.

CoreOS is going to be merged with "atomic"

I’ve been following that work with interest.

Red Hat could suddenly decide they want to support Btrfs

Red Hat won’t be deciding much about anything after the merger goes through. I sincerely hope you’re right though and it survives and makes money somehow.

I don't know of any other OSS company that does _exclusively_ OSS.

Canonical, for example, has a number of proprietary solutions built around their core OSS stuff, so they function as an open core business. And they're not doing anywhere close to as well as Red Hat does.

WSO2 - an open source integration software company - is exclusively OSS. We will do $50M in sales this year with 80% of that subscriptions for on-premises open source software. We are the 6th largest OSS company by revenues. We'll probably jump up to 5th next year because of the RedHat acquisition of IBM.

I'm happy for you, really. But you being in 6th place with 50M$ in revenue says worries me about the market.

big typo on your home page "by using our our open source"

Thanks - forwarded onto marketing.

Nice to see WSO2 represented here!

Congrats!

Collabora?

Is openshift really open source? I was under the impression that nobody really runs origin on its own since it's far too hard. It seemed more like they just wanted to point out but it's open source, but you need support and a lot of know-how to actually use it.

I run Origin for my employer. It's pretty easy these days since you can do all of it with openshift-ansible and other related tools.

I know there are plenty of others like that, as well.

We also run Origin.

I stand corrected. Thanks.

We run OKD (formerly Origin, the project was rebranded) as well and have for two years in just a couple weeks. It's been a pivotal part of our application stack since we adopted it, the developers on my team love being able to paste in a git URL and have an application live in a few minutes.

we run okd as well...

OpenShift comes in two variants: Enterprise and Origin. Everything you can do in Enterprise can be done in Origin (Origin is ahead of Enterprise), but Enterprise comes with support.

I help maintain a Chef recipe that installs both - it's quite feasible but not for the casual user.

https://github.com/IshentRas/cookbook-openshift3

SUSE? They make a big song and dance (literally) of being open source, but I don't know if they're exclusively OSS.

[I work for SUSE.]

Nowadays, yes. SUSE Studio was the main proprietary thing we had in recent memory, and it was sunlit a few years ago with KIWI being its successor.

As far as I know, everything we develop is free software. You can get the full sources for any package in SLES or openSUSE (which isn't really SUSE but SUSE engineers work a lot on openSUSE) using zypper.

Personally, not only is everything I work on free software, I also exclusively work upstream-first (and I maintain several upstream projects like runc and some OCI projects). To be clear, this is not a company-wide thing -- many of my colleagues do not consistently contribute upstream -- but regardless all of our products' sources can be downloaded under free licenses. In fact you can get the sources from OBS (it's what openSUSE Leap is directly based on).

Now, there are some things that we distribute which are proprietary to certain customers (think flash or the NVIDIA drivers), but these are mostly because customers pay us to repackage other peoples proprietary code. We don't develop them. Personally I'd prefer if we didn't do this, but it is a very small part of our business.

@cyphar - I would love to chat with you about SUSE's policies and encouragement to enable working exclusively on upstream-first. We are working to bake that concept into our policies at WSO2 (I'm its CEO). While we practice that in motion, we are codifying it within policies. If you could email me tyler@wso2.com, would appreciate a chat about it with your or management there.

On the other hand it might mean the end for SystemD!

zing!

Debian and Ubuntu still use it.

- kernel development

- OpenShift

I very much doubt these 2 are in any danger. In fact, I'd say these are the golden eggs IBM wants.

Agreed. Seems that most $largeco I come across used to use IBM AIX and are switching to RHEL. This seems more strategic than surface level only.

You might want to read up on your Aesop’s fables ;)

Also everything CoreOS-related.

CoreOS :(

The OpenShift folks sit on a ton of critical posts in the Kubernetes project. I'd suspect this is what IBM wants, but it's a risk that they stop contributing to the open source project.

Also CoreOS, recently acquired by Redhat.

> I don't know about any other company that is large, successful, focuses on the enterprise and absolutely behind OSS.

Doesnt Microsoft tick all those boxes? Even if they aren't exclusively an open source company, they are "absolutely behind OSS" if you go by how much open source code they have contributed.

Mostly useless projects though for people that want speed and Linux-native open source.

Meh. They have a bad reputation due to calling open word source software cancer the new windows business model.

Also, while their engineers are certainly smart, their software seems very crusty (the down side of infinite backwards compatibility) and usually doesn't play well at all with existing open source software. Thus: Mostly useless.

Amusingly, they're damned both ways at this point, since many of the Windows 10 complaints have, in fact, been breaks in backward compatibility.

The early 2000s called and would like their objection back. Microsoft isn't that same company any more and haven't been for a long time. Sure, some of their technology is pretty awful but they definitely changed their tune around OSS.

So we can merge exFAT support into the Kernel now? Microsoft loves Linux, right?

How on earth is Microsoft "absolutely" behind OSS? Which of their main products is Open Source? Windows? Office? SQL Server? Azure? Exchange? What exactly makes Microsoft a company "absolutely behind OSS?"

Their stupid boot loader still ignores any other operating system for god's sake.

Kudos to people at Microsoft's Marketing and "developer relations" department who won the hearts of developers by allowing TypeScript and VSCode to be FOSS. Suddenly MS is "Absolutely behind OSS".

I work in the public sector in Denmark, and we’ve delt a lot with both IBM and Microsoft over the past 25 years.

Microsoft has been one of our best partners, including for the open source software we run, especially since Azure became their mission.

IBM has been one of the worst, so bad that I’d dread making any deals with them ever again.

I wouldn’t say MS is fully behind OSS though, they contribute a lot these years, but their main goal is still to sell you Azure. I think they won the hearts and minds with .Net core though, I mean VSC is the best ide and typescript is typescript, but the future of a lot of web programming lies within .Net core.

Similar experience here in Norway...

> the future of a lot of web programming lies within .Net core

How is that, really?

How is it not? I mean, we’re a muniplacity, we operate around 500 IT systems, that are all moving toward becoming web apps in some form.

The core tech behind these is in 95% of the cases either .Net or JAVA.

Our in-house development has moved from .Net to JavaScript, mainly because we’re small and if our front end had to be JS then our backend might as well be, but now you have something like Blazor.net emerging, allowing for full stack C#, of course we’re going that route.

I didn’t say all, but I frankly think it’s obvious that .Net will play a big part of web development future, considering how big a part it already plays today and considering how Microsoft is moving it forward in all the right ways.

Historically many different companies and frameworks have targeted the web platform and almost always they lost to "plain old Javascript".

That trend is going to continue, specially considering WebAssembly.

But as of now there's no sign of Javascript becoming less dominant as almost all the innovation is in the land of React, Webpack, Babel, etc.

I mean, what you're claiming "will emerge" is already there in form of Typescript, Node, React, Webpack etc and has a pretty good traction.

A lot of (older) sites run ASP with some prebuilt or compiled c#/vb to js on top of that. No programmer would have to do JS if they want to.

The technology is flawed in my view, but it does work and has no active js development needed.

Note again: you can, but you don't have to.

Does it JS really have that much traction on the backend? Maybe outside of Denmark, but our little department is actually one of the few places which uses Node for serious backend application in the entire country. At least that I know of.

I mean, I can go on job databases or LinkedIn right now, and there isn’t a single full stack JS job available in my entire country. There is a lot of JS including jobs of course but they all require you to also/mainly do C#, JAVA, PHP or Python because JS is almost exclusive used on the frontend.

Don’t get me wrong, I actually really like the JS environment. There’s a reason we moved to it, but it’s not like it doesn’t have its flaws either.

I think WASM will absolutely change web development, but I think it’s already made it to the is, I mean, we’re launching our first minor Blazor app this week, and it’s something we typically would’ve build with vue and graphql Apollo, but now it’s all C#.

The world of enterprise typically moves slow though. We’ve recently bought an on boarding system that’s made with web forms for instance. You may laugh at that, but the truth is, at least in my part of the world, that JS hasn’t seen that much adoption outside of hobbyists. Eventually these companies are going to upgrade their client sides, but would you pick modern JS or full stack C# if you were coming from web forms? Hell even if they go vue, react or angular chances are they’ll still use .Net on the backend, as that seems to be the trend pretty much everywhere except for us.

Does it JS really have that much traction on the backend?

I cannot speak to the whole industry as I moved to the states a year ago and my view is quite limited. But for sure Node has a lot of traction and usage in here.

However, generally, I feel developers live in their own echo chambers. For example I personally am very much connected to JS people and Linux/Open Source people. I rarely meet any ASP or Java based stacks.

I think it also depends on who you are developing for. Governments and enterprises for sure use more Microsoft or Java based solutions while startups and private companies are more "bleeding edge".

So to answer your question, I think you're right. If an organization is using WebForms, their most probable choice for upgrade is the newest offering by Microsoft. That's where they have already invested it. collectively.

But other stacks have a lot of users too. And they are not going to switch to .NET even if it becomes FullStack.

This Google Trends results [0] are interesting. Not sure if they tell us anything meaningful or not though.

[0] https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&geo=US&q=....

I manage though, so I get to do the contracting. Mainly our software is enterprise, and it’s always either .ner or java, these days typically with an angular front.

We’re part of several muniplacity driven OSS communities though, where we buy OSS development from small startups and take ownership over project management as well as the codebase.

None of the startups are big on node.js, it’s nostly python, .net, java or php because that’s what they teach at the universities and it’s what they work with in their free time.

I think the node.js environment is great, like I said, but I don’t think it really has much adoption in Europe.

You are likely coloured by being in the one marked where .Net became significant and that’s mostly bacause the only accepted altilernative in Denmark’s monopoly friendly procurement systems were IBM mainframes or Oracle solutions.

Everywhere else RedHat/Jboss won the game and is being replaced by new JWM languages rather then node or .Net though node hides in strange places like the latest SAP framework.

Frontend/native .Net apps are fastly becoming extinct.

MS pretend love for Linux is more an acknowledgement that no one wants dotNET on IIS or anything windows centric in the cloud than any genuine love for Linux so they kind of have to pretend to like Linux workloads and unix tools if they want azure to be more then an niche product.

In many European countries it mostly boils down to Java vs .NET, depending on the business sector.

And by Java I really mean Java, with alternative languages being done by clever consulting companies, which sometimes I get to rewrite back to Java.

Oh we have JBOSS in our stack, it’s what handles our service bus. I’d rather we didn’t though, it’s really hard to find JBOSS developers/maintainers for public sector pay checks.

We used to see a lot more of it from our suppliers, but it seems to be rapidly going extinct. Possible because there just aren’t a lot of JBOSS developers/maintainers in general.

I am coloured by my environment of course, but I do work in software cooperatives with 97 other muniplacities, as well as a few European communities and I don’t see anything to indicate that .Net, JAVA and PHP won’t remain the dominant techs in Europe for the foreseeable future.

I like node.js, I use it for hobby projects and I genuinely think graphql is a lot better than rest APIs (and there isn’t a graphql adaptation for .Net that isn’t bad), but I just don’t see the adoption anywhere outside of what you hear from American startups.

And again, I didn’t say .Net would rule all web development , I said it would be important, and if the European public sector continues to run on .Net then it’ll continue to be a billion dollar industry.

dotNET will stay around just like the mainframes but it’s not a growth market nor the worldwide norm for enterprise web backends.

I work on legacy platforms so I know there is good money in dead technology. But that don’t make it the future.

I just don’t see any legacy codebase being rewritten as dotNET and a similar amount of new greenfield dotNET projects as new Perl project being launched due to NETs heritage as a windows component.

Come to Europe, plenty of .NET greenfield projects across the continent.

If I were a Perl consultant I’m sure I would say the same about Perl and my region and it’s not that long ago that IBM stopped claiming the future was still the mainframe.

As polyglot developer, .NET is just one of the many tools on my toolbox, just look for yourself on European job boards.

The most available job in my country for any programming language is C#, followed closely by JAVA. On third place is PHP. Fourth is Sharepoint and RPA. Around half the number of the C# jobs include some kind of JS requirements but almost every JS job uses a different backend than node.

There is one fullstack JS job. Three JBOSS jobs and six DJANGO jobs.

This isn’t unique in Europe.

I’m not sure what gave you the impression it wasn’t growing, because it certainly is in Europe.

If you are including the boot loader, don't leave out the file systems.

Super pessimistic point of view. Why do you think these are all in danger? These are things that people and more importantly enterprises use. Why would IBM ruin that?

Exactly, these are products to monetize and make money from.

Sure rationally the products should be a success, that's why IBM bought them. But GloboMegaCorps have a consistent record of acquiring great products then running them into the ground by smothering them with shitty internal policies.

It seems like a fair % of SVers haven't had the pleasure of working for one of these Kafkaesque giants. They operate on dream logic and risk aversion.

Though I dedicated a few years of my life to OpenStack at HP, I sometimes wonder if OpenStack would be healthier if GloboMegaCorps didn't get involved.

In 2013, OpenStack felt like the "new Linux"

2013, OpenStack at HP, aka Helion? Anupriya Ramraj - is that you? :) If so, your old team misses that project. We're bored these days.

Because IBM ruins everything it touches?

It’s possible they don’t want to. But they will.

Also with RH's recent acquisition of CoreOS, that suite will also be in IBM's arena. I work for "a corporate". We used to be big IBM shops (AIX, IBM Java, websphere, etc, etc...). But AIX is now hardly used and neither is websphere. It's mostly off the shelf k8s, wildfly and other open source projects deployed on RHEL (not my personal favorite since its kernel is way behind the times). I think this is IBMs way of playing catch up in the arena. I worry how they will handle entrenched "political interests" - e.g. Webpshere/AIX/etc.. and the more open source friendly RedHat suite. Pretty sure its going to be one big mess in a few years time.

They _did_ pay a lot of money to acquire them, so there's a reason to believe they're committed to fully integrating RH technology. Considering Jim, who certainly has an interest in the survival of open source software, signed this off also gives some hope.

Just because the people in charge sign off doesn’t mean they won’t later be fucked over anyway. E.g. Instagram & Whatsapp.

Pivotal is probably next in line for size for independent enterprise OSS but still a fraction the size of Red Hat, at under $1b in revenue. And some proprietary bits.

Red Hat's Open Source only approach does mean that none of these projects can be closed down, though: AFAIK, IBM are acquiring people and a brand, but no significant proprietary IP. If higher-ups at IBM turn out to be as clueless as Oracle, then key engineers will just walk and continue working on those projects elsewhere.

Where elsewhere? The landscape of options to be paid for your OSS has just become a barren field.

Yes, OSS as a concept can survive only on gratis work. However I'm not sure the portfolio of projects supported largely by Red Hat maintainers could. If maintainers are forced to start walking as they did with Oracle I expect to see quite a few projects fall into disrepair.

I guess they can start a new company and keep working on the same products. The community would have to change to their new repo's but other than that RedHat could get a new start, with a different name.

CENTOS?

Trademark is owned by Red Hat

https://www.centos.org/legal/trademarks/

When I worked for IBM (via acquisition), I wanted to fix bugs in Cygwin (owned by Red Hat). Red Hat does not accept patches unless you get permission from your current employer. I could not get anybody in IBM to sign Red Hat's permission slip. Nobody would sign because it's all risk, no reward from IBM's point of view.

Couldn't you just submit patches under a pseudonym?

I think that, if you were to ask open source maintainers, "What would you think of me committing fraud to get around your project's policies?" most of them would say, "Thanks, but no thanks."

I do understand your point, but I wouldn't spin it that way or bring it up with them, just start committing using a "new" identity, assuming they have no knowledge of your "main" identity.

Easier said then done.

That dishonesty is exactly what makes it fraudulent.

They're asking you to sign some legal documentation. If you forge a signature rather than getting it signed by your employer, that's fraud. If you create a false identity in order to hide the fact that you have an employer, that's also fraud.

You have exactly two legal (and, just as importantly, honest) options in this situation: Get permission from your employer before contributing, or don't contribute. If you like the project and don't want to create trouble for its maintainers, you will pick one of those two options.

The reason this permission exists is that contributions will not be owned by your employer, but will be part of the project. It depends on your employer if they allow you to work on personal software that they do not claim ownership for or not. I think you are right to not use a pseudonym. I once did, and regret having done so.

> I think you are right to not use a pseudonym. I once did, and regret having done so.

Did it cause you some problems later, or?

Well, the permission exists to ensure that the contributions will be owned by the project and not anyone's employer.

If that permission isn't secured, though, and the employee has a contract with their employer that signs ownership of some or all of their off-hours work over to their employer, and the employer decides to try and exercise those rights, then it's anyone's guess who the real owner would be. Might vary by jurisdiction. Might be down to whether the open source project can afford to lawyer up in the first place.

Given all that, a FOSS project isn't unwise for asking for a permission slip. You could argue that it's being over-cautious, but that's the project maintainer's decision, and it deserves to be respected.

Contributions can be owned by employers and things still work. That's how Linux development works for instance, and the DCO is arguably a similar "permission slip" (though it mainly depends on the honour system with contributors just asserting they have the right to contribute). Some CLAs are very similar to the DCO (for instance, the Apache CLAs or the Google/Kubernetes ones).

It depends on the type of CLA. There are many CLAs that do not imply copyright assignment, it's just legalese to make sure that you are taking liability for making sure that you have the right to add your contributions to the project -- basically a longer-form version of the Linux DCO.

In those cases, your employer would own your contributions and thus you need permission from them to license their copyrighted work (your changes) under whatever the project license is.

But in any case, contributing under a pseudonym is something that you should think about very seriously. This has been done before in the Linux kernel and luckily nobody got sued over it, but it is basically copyright infringement mixed with various levels of fraud and deception. Don't do this to us poor maintainers.

> In those cases, your employer would own your contributions and thus you need permission from them to license their copyrighted work (your changes) under whatever the project license is.

How does your employer own what you do in your free time? AFAIK there is no job contract like that which is legally enforceable. At least in California.

It's jurisdiction by jurisdiction. And even if it's not enforceable, it might still be very expensive to duke that issue out in the courts.

Worrying about these details is the last thing a project maintainer needs to be worrying about. Easier to just require everyone to have a belt, even the ones who say they own suspenders.

It depends on the country. In some countries, work related to your job but done outside work (or work using company resources like a company laptop -- I believe in California this is also the case) might possibly be owned by your employer (if your work contract says so). For instance if you work on databases and in your free time you developed a really awesome database from scratch, that might be owned by your employer because of the training and learning resources your employer provided (I think this is the reasoning -- but personally I find it quite abhorrent).

But I assumed that GP was talking about wanting to contribute something they did on work time, not on their own time.

Out of curiosity, why do you regret it?

> that's also fraud.

No, it's not fraud because there's no intention to gain illegal or unlawful gain. It's just deceit.

A very interesting point. I think it's fraud. You're doing it for (potential) monetary gain. Not your own, but the ownership of copyright which you're claiming and reattributing on behalf of your pseudonym. Still fraud, I suspect.

You'd be surprised. I have first & second-hand experience with the maintainers of GNU projects just agreeing to accept patches on the sly and commit them as themselves with the consent of the submitter because the submitter can't be bothered to sign a copyright release form.

Linux kernel, as an example, expressly rejects this.

Source: multiple discussion with GKH.

This actually seems like fair policy to me, think of the mess Red Hat would be in if IBM decided that they had copyright on your contributions to Cygwin.

Or is my understanding of copyright law off base?

That's exactly why Red Hat had said permission slips. The ridiculous thing was that IBM refused to sign them

The ridiculous thing is that IP law makes this necessary.

> if IBM decided that they had copyright on your contributions to Cygwin.

How could they decide this if you'd have written the code on a weekend?

Many employers have clauses about owning any IP you produce while employed there, regardless of whether or not it involved company time or property. Whether said clauses are actually enforceable varies from location to location.

Aka "justice by bank balance and time".

At some point software engineering is going to have a union just as a legal defence fund.

Software engineers already have their own chambers of engineers in some states. No need for another trade organization.

The FSF doesn't want to get caught up in a dispute, and thus requires explicit disclaimers of work-for-hire interest from employers https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-assign.en.html

I left IBM a few months ago, but I led a bunch of developer advocacy efforts for a couple years.

There are several internal programs at IBM that enable employees to make contributions to open source with very little bureaucracy. Go to the intranet site w3.developer.ibm.com for details.

I'm a current IBMer, and there is a process for getting CLAs signed - it's a bit bureaucratic if it's not a CLA for a company we already work with, but otherwise IBM has no problems with contributing to projects like that.

I have the same problem in academia, being in a non-CS department, I'm required to notify the University's Center for Technology & Venture Commercialization about assigning my copyright over software to another entity (like the FSF), but so far I have been unsuccessful at getting them to sign the letter the FSF wants, despite the code I would be contributing being completely outside of my work at the University and so therefore theoretically outside of their purview. I suppose the moral is that all large organisations converge towards bureaucratic processes that waste the time of high$/hour employees and attempt to hinder all not immediately commercialisable progress.

What if you would just publish your code on GitHub, would they seek to punish you?

If it's their code by employment contract, they could.

I doubt it, but that's not the issue. The issue is that the FSF wants a signed "ok" from the University that I can assign copyright to the FSF, and the University's Center for Technology & Venture Commercialization won't issue that. I'll wait a year or two until I'm (hopefully) tenured and then press the issue again.

If I were sure it's ok and the university/company is not going to be mad at me I would just publish my code as public domain and let whoever can make use of it decide on themselves. Perhaps some FSF-approved developer would pick the code up if it is useful to them.

In some courses publishing coursework on GitHub can break academic integrity rules related to plagiarism. It’s hurt students as more hiring processes assume portfolios. CS departments are behind the times.

Posting your coursework on a publicly available forum is clearly academic dishonesty, what are you talking about?

Am i taking crazy pills? How is publishing your work in any way dishonest?

For a lot of those courses there's pretty much one way to solve the coursework, so all solutions are pretty similar. It's practically impossible to tell the difference between an original solution and a copied solution with the variables renamed and some code moved around. Or the student can look at the solution and reimplement it themselves, without solving it on their own. Sharing solutions can even get you expelled in many unis.

I'm going to suggest that it's on the universities to find a way around that problem. It's a real problem, but everything being publicly available online is how the world is now. Just varying assignments every year should be enough. If reasonable variations don't make the assignments challenging enough? Well the students are always going to be able to find some reasonable variation online. Starting from absolute scratch is just not a thing anymore in most fields.

They have found a way around that problem...they expel students who share solutions.

It should be on a student to choose whether or not do they want a challenge, what particular aspect and what degree they'd like to be challenged in. The job of an educational institution is to educate, whoever interested can easily invent a challenge for themselves or use an old challenge without looking at ready solutions if they so desire. Forced artificial challenge policy is questionable.

I think we're taking the same pills.

It appears that this is one of those issues that polarizes people very strongly into one of two possible options. My response to the complaints above is usually "tough luck", because I do not see it as my task to ensure that other people cannot cheat. In fact, with today's availability information, I'm certain all those that want to cheat can and will do so easily, no matter what.

This leads me to the conclusion that the fundamental problem is actually the conflation of two very different purposes which are often at odds: teaching and certification. Universities try to do both and it often ends very badly. Certification should be removed from universities and put into separate, specialized organizations.

Wait, so your university owns copyright on all your work by default?! That's a bummer if true. Outrageous, actually.

I think this is US specific.

The rules vary by school and state and whether the contributions used school resources or were created as coursework.

Nope, Its the same in Germany too.

Only if it is directly related to your research under office hours and is done solely by your university. If you use the university laptop to do some OS at home it is not, though in the US it could be and usually is.

My contract requires that anything I develop using University resources, which in practice means potentially anything in my areas of specialisation, the University has some claim on.

It's not entirely unreasonable - imagine someone in Biochemistry developing some drug using University labs etc. and then turning around and selling the formula to a private lab.

But it's the petty bureaucratisation which is infuriating. (And usually the people making the decisions aren't practically qualified.)

If you use any (and I mean any) school funded resources for any of your personal projects, yes, they usually have a basis for a claim.

I have a friend who went to Utah for his bachelor's in CS.

I'm not in CS, but my understanding is that the CS dept has a historical relation with the FSF.

While I was working as an assistant researcher three years ago, my contract also considered all research-derived knowledge uni property. In this case, pretty much anything tangentially related to HTTP performance enhancements would have been claimable by them.

It the software is GPL, and you use it for your company/university to do work with, that is a very dubious claim and more likely falsifiable in court.

GPL is a license applied to a work by the copyright owner after (or at the time of) creation. It has nothing to do with authorship of the work and who owns the copyright.

To elaborate, even if GP developed code as part of a GPL project, the copyright owner could prevent him/her from distributing that code to anyone else, whether that distribution occurs under the GPL or any other license.

Well, that is the result we got from turning Universities from public knowledge centers into private for profit IP accumulating businesses.

It's the standard in many universities and many countries that consider the university your employer if you have a full time equivalent dedication, even if the university only considers you under some kind of stipend or scholarship.

And yes, it's outrageous.

It's actually the norm in the U.S. ...

Come to Sweden then :) As a researcher you explicitly own the rights to any foreground, i.e. results, as stated by law — the so called teacher’s excemption.

Careful, this might only apply to professors, not the rest of the staff.

Might be, but in general the attitude and laws surrounding ownership of code (and most anything else) is very different in Norway, and I would assume Sweden. Here anything you make is explicitly yours and you have full ownership over it, even if you made it on company time. I've talked to several larger IT firms in Norway about this and they all have said that it would be suicide to force their employees to sign away their rights to personal and side projects, but that it would also more or less be impossible to enforce.

If this is indeed true it is a killer argument for moving to sweden.

If you have a job for me, I'm happy to. :)

Europe also more generally has much higher salaries for postdocs and grad students from what I've seen floating around listservs.

> I suppose the moral is that all large organisations converge towards bureaucratic processes that waste the time of high$/hour employees and attempt to hinder all not immediately commercialisable progress.

All large organizations have a decent amount of bureaucracy around copyright and IP, but the difference is good ones make it easy and straightforward for employees to go through that process.

Google, for example, has a well-documented and clear process for contributing to open source software (both in work hours and in personal time): https://opensource.google.com/docs/patching/

I totally understand that large organisations don't want to sign papers about things that are none of their business. It's ridiculous that they need to sign them. This shouldn't be a requirement for Open Source contributions. But with some businesses claiming their employees' unrelated work done in their free time, I can see how this has become a necessity.

It's harmful for open source, and a terrible situation that's not to anyone's benefit. I guess US law should make more clear that employers don't own their employees' private work?

Totally agreed.

I always imagined it stems from historical experiences where staff ran off with ideas that they were paid to have within the scope of their employment. So perhaps this is the only way employers have thought of protecting themselves against that. Ie., what other way do we have to offer them?

It's not only owning the outcome that is the problem, if you develop a software system that in any ways competes with your employer they may have a reason to fire and/or sue you.

The problem as someone else stated above in this discussion is that with a company the size of IBM it is hard to do anything that is guaranteed not to compete with anything they do.

This is also a major obstacle towards open science, and one that the open science community seems generally unaware of. Every day there seems to be another journal article extolling the virtues of data-sharing and imploring other researchers to share, but very few folks seem to treat the elephant in the room, which is that universities have no motivation to allow their researchers to release data for free and potentially relinquish valuable IP.

I wish Cygwin would get more steam, a new package manager and a repository...

Why wouldn't you use WSL?

Windows < 10/1809 compatibility, ability to ship standalone applications, force of habit, need for something WSL doesn't support.

Ironically, Cygwin might be closer to "native" than WSL is in some cases.

> need for something WSL doesn't support.

Like what...?

> Ironically, Cygwin might be closer to "native" than WSL is in some cases.

Which cases...?

> Like what...?

SQLite, for one. https://github.com/Microsoft/WSL/issues/2395

I haven't used Windows in quite some time, but I believe they are quite different. WSL is more like a very basic version of Wine in that it implements Linux system calls and can execute ELF binaries, and as such requires you to install a host OS for libc and any other libraries you want. Cygwin is more like Winelib in that it provides a custom libc implementation and toolchain that are natively compiled, and as such requires you to rebuild your applications.

My understanding of WSL is that Linux software runs natively on Windows by virtue of a compatibility layer. Eg. if there is a fork() in my code it will be translated into CreateProcess() or something like that.

Correct. It's an interesting architecture, if you're interested in reading more:

https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/wsl/2016/04/22/windows-subs...

Right, so like what Wine does. (Remember: Wine Is Not an Emulator.)

I have always been curious on how WSL differs to coLinux or andLinux ( http://www.andlinux.org/ )

About 10/15 years ago I used andLinux to have a Linux shell and other apps inside Windows. It was really good and it seems ahead of its time, as it was not virtualized.

Wine seems basic and immature in comparison to WSL not the other way.

Wine is a lot broader in scope than WSL, while Microsoft is fine with implementing a kernel-level ABI and then shipping a download for an Ubuntu userspace, Wine cannot ship any official Windows components. They had to re-implement every important DLL from scratch in addition to the ABI.

I can see why you would think that, but there is a reason that many think the opposite. Wine is obviously less compatible than WSL, but it is also a much more ambitious project. For WSL to work, it "only" has to implement the kernel translation layer and then run the various userspace tools that Linux does (GNU tools, Gnome, etc).

For Wine to implement even enough to run Notepad, Wine needs a reimplementation of huge portions of userspace. Of course, this also means it is a little bit of an Apples to Oranges comparison.

WSL is actually backwards analogue of WINE, also described as ENIW.

Emulator Not Is Wine? ;)

It is actually ENIW:Now inside Windows

Perhaps you're right, maybe WSL can do all the job nicely so maybe there is little if any point in developing cygwin. I have never tried it to be honest. I just prefer Windows 7 and loosely-integrated solutions - a 3rd-party Linux in a box feels better than a Microsoft Linux in the Windows kernel (yet just using a VM doesn't feel great for performance reasons and beacuse of not rally seamless file system integration).

You could try MSYS2.

Deeply regrettable. One of my colleagues identified and fixed an issue with Duplicity while he was working on a backups subsystem for our server estate, and after a quick check with a Director I was able to sign off the work for release back to the Duplicity project.

That's more a Red Hat legal failure than a IBM legal failure.

Honestly I probably would have just scribbled a name in a terrible hand writing (not hard for me anyways) and called it a day. They just wanted something on file that would never be looked at again.

So, I have mixed feelings.

I don't think in the short term this will be a problem. However IBM has lost it's way. its a very large unwieldy organisation that doesn't change very fast.

It also has an awful lot of lifers, who would flounder horribly outside the soft warm IBM shell.

But, there are some brilliant engineers and technologies that are inside IBM. The ones I know are about are to do with GPFS, which is a shining beacon compared to ceph and gluster.

A clever organisation _could_ mix GPFS, the vast experience with scheduling and resource allocation, and second to none documentation (have you read a Red book? they are marvels of readability.) to make a spectacular platform. One that unlike K8s would be easy to use, understand, tune, script for and run.

They won't be able to execute it properly, but they have the potential.

if gpfs still has NSD limits it ain't gonna work on a cloud scale

> GPFS, which is a shining beacon compared to ceph and gluster.

Solves an entirely different problem.

Is there a short summary of which problems are solved by which filesystem?

On the interwebs? No idea. Mine would be:

GPFS is excellent as a clustered filesystem backing a number of servers that need high-throughput, low latency, coherent storage. It's block-oriented.

Ceph is a SAN replacement: can saturate 100 GBps switches with massive parallel throughput. Object based, can also serve up block and (recently, with limits) cooked filesystem.

Gluster is a distributed filesystem - easy to set up and configure, some performance limitations, file rather than object or block oriented.

GPFS is very much file oriented - there's iSCSI target support but I'd be surprised if anyone really used it.

Ceph can provide block (mostly used for VMs), object and file targets, in that order of maturity.

Gluster is sort of a metafilesystem, aggregating some number of underlying filesystems - file being the operative word.

I'm referring to the FS primitives. GPFS presents a POSIX FS, but it's primitive is blocks. Ceph is an object primitive (RADOS) and can present it a number of ways. And Gluster is based around files as primitives, which gives some interesting strengths and weaknesses.

>Ceph can provide block (mostly used for VMs), object and file targets, in that order of maturity.

That's a little bit backwards. Ceph's block storage is actually built upon objects internally.

Depends on how you use it, and what its for.

_most_ object storage is actually used as a pseudo filesystem (ie S3 et al) because a shared, fast & reliable filesystem are vanishingly rare.

Apart from openstack (and I've never seen a successful deployment of it outside of rackspace) most use cases I've seen involve either bolting on a NFS head, or some other filesystem to ceph and serving it publicly.

which is frankly not all that great. I like the _idea_ of ceph, but I don't want to have to support it. Like Nexenta, it seems great, but it soon hurts during crunch.

What I like about GPFS is that it allows you to join up large amounts of block storage, regardless of the underlying fabric.

Everything has a hook, so if a file has been created/updated/moved/deleted/metadata changed, you can attach a script to that action. There is an inbuilt HSM, which allows you to shuffle files about based on their content: raw footage? move it to the spinny disk array, final deliverables? move it to the storage based in the other country. File bigger than 1TB, and hasn't been touched in two weeks, sure you can kick it out on to tape.

crucially because its all one name space, the end user doesn't have to care about where the file is, the system takes care of that based on rules.

The best part is, there are no special tricks needed for the end program, its just standard file io.

However it is one global system, which is it's downside. for pure uptime its better to have an array of file servers, to limit the blast radius, but then you don't get the goodness

> They won't be able to execute it properly, but they have the potential.

AKA The last two decades of IBM.

I definitely agree with you. I’ve been paid more or less to run GPFS over the last 15 years or so (finally free of it for the last few months), and while I hate it with a searing passion, a) it’s far better than the alternatives as long as you can afford it, and b) the people who lead and do the real work on the project are very, very bright. If they keep these people working on hard problems, they’ll do well. If they try to replace them with inexpensive staff, it will fall apart in months.

Parallel POSIX-compliant filesystems at scale are an astonishingly hard problem, and adding the feature set they have while keeping it relatively stable and performant is really worthy of admiration. Every one of the dozens of conversations I’ve had with their developers and technical leads have left me more impressed. They literally can’t test it internally at the scale that their large customers run it, but they’re really good at finding problems and pushing out hotfixes that work pretty well.

That said, if I never have to touch it again for as long as I live, I’ll be a very happy man. From an HPC perspective, I think we’re long past the scale where parallel filesystems should be POSIX-based.

At the risk of topic drift, I'm curious where the problems are with being parallel and POSIX-compliant. I'm at a point where I think I need to consider a parallel file system and I don't have much experience with them, so I'm not aware of the issues.

Here’s something I wrote in this thread:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15222470

At least on the real big systems, most of our work was with a small number of research groups basically doing the same workflow: start your job, read in some data, crunch, every 15 minutes or something slam the entire contents of system memory (100s of TB) out to spinning disk, crunch, slam, your job gets killed when your time slice expires, get scheduled again, load up the last checkpoint, rinse, repeat. Because of the sheer amount of data, it’s an interesting problem, but you could generally work with the researchers to impose good I/O behavior that gets around the POSIX constraints peculiarities of the particular filesystems. You want 100,000,000 cpu hours on a $200M computer? You can do the work to make the filesystem writes easier on the system.

Coming into private industry was a real eye-opener. You’re in-house staff and you don’t get to say who can use the computer. People use the filesystems for IPC, store 100M files of 200B each, read() and write() terabytes of data 1B at a time, you name it. If I had $100 for every job in which I saw 10,000 cores running a stat() in a while loop waiting for some data to get written to it by one process that had long since died, I’d be retired on a beach somewhere.

The problem with POSIX I/O is that it’s so, so easy and it almost always works when you expect it to. GPFS (what I’m most familiar with) is amazing at enforcing the consistency. I’ve seen parallel filesystems and disk break in every imaginable way and in a lot of ways that aren’t, but I’ve never seen GPFS present data inconsistently across time where some write call was finished and it’s data didn’t show up to a read() started after the write got its lock or a situation where some process opened a file after the unlink was acknowledged. For a developer who hasn’t ever worked with parallel computing and whose boss just wants them to make it work, the filesystem is an amazing tool. I honestly can’t blame a developer who makes it work for 1000 cores and then gets upset with me when it blows up at 1500. I get grouchy with them, but I don’t blame them. (There’s a difference!)

But as the filesystems get bigger, the amount of work the filesystems have to do to maintain that consistency isn’t scaling. The amount of lock traffic flying back and forth between all the nodes is a lot of complexity to keep up with, and if you have the tiniest issue with your network even on some edge somewhere, you’re going to have a really unpleasant day.

One of the things that GCE and AWS have done so well is to just abandon the concept of the shared POSIX filesystem, and produce good tooling to help people deal with the IPC and workflow data processing without it. It’s a hell of a lot of work to go from an on-site HPC environment to GCE though. There’s a ton of money to be made for someone who can make that transition easier and cheaper (if you’ve got it figured out, you know, call me. I want to on it!), but people have sunk so much money into their parallel filesystems and disk that it’s a tough ask for the C-suite. Hypothetically speaking, someone I know really well who’s a lot like me was recently leading a project to do exactly this that got shut down basically because they couldn’t prove it would be cheaper in 3 years.

This is a lovely wedge of experience.

You are of course very correct that if you have a massive number of processes using files for IPC, things will fail in very strange ways.

One of the very positive things that AWS/GCE provide is simple scalable primitives, with obvious metrics to measure limits. For example SQS is a brilliant primitive for many-many message based processing. It avoids the horror of running a HA kafka queue(or worse).

Basically every time that POSIX makes a guarantee which is difficult to fulfill performantly in a distributed environment.

* Some directory operations require an atomic update to 2 different inodes, confounding sharding strategies and requiring some form of global synchronization.

* write() -- write syscall guarantees that when it returns, the filesystem will serve all future read() calls appropriately, with the contents of the write. This matches up poorly with big streaming writes -- in order to fulfill the spec, you need all these giant pockets of latency waiting for an ACK from the remote host, instead of just streaming it all and getting one ACK at the end.

If IBM has one brain cell left, they'll pull a NeXT/Apple merger and let Red Hat executives start running the combined company.

That is the one path to a real future for IBM instead of its slow decline into complete irrelevance.

That's a positive scenario but I don't see Ginni Rometty relinquishing control voluntarily. The IBM board has given no signs of dissatisfaction with her performance.

RH are good at a LOT of things but sales remains a bit of a weak point compared to Oracle and to a lesser degree IBM.

Hopefully the RH guys can bring back a focus on technology to IBM while IBM figure out how to sell it to customers.

PS: so will it be called Blue Hat?

use the IBM sales org, with the RH leadership ;-)

Purple hat

Big Scarlett

LMAO, I like yours better.

Just 'Big Red Hat'

I would like to get this.

Oracle sales means promising everything and delivering half of that at best. Are you sure you want to use that as an example?

If they can still sell despite having that (very much deserved) reputation, then their sales teams must be pretty impressive.

As Rick James used to say, "Cocaine is a hell of a drug!"

In this context, the only thing that matters is whether Oracle's strategy is more successful at generating profits than RedHat's. Is it?

...promising everything and delivering half of that at best...

I work for a company driven by sales people. It sucks. They keep promising things we don't have and complaining that engineering can't deliver. IMHO a good sales person should be able to sell what we have. Any jackass can make empty promises.

Make them do proper accounting, an empty promise costs more engineering dollars than a believable one, and the difference should not be determined by sales.

Sales people typically do exactly what they're paid to do - no more, no less. You can shout at them 'til you're blue in the face about overpromising, but, if you've got their pay structure set up such that they can earn more commission by making wild promises, then they're going to keep on making wild promises.

The sales process needs both rewards (commission) as well as punishments (commission loss based on unmet delivery). The idea, "As soon as the contract is signed I should get my money." is a broken one as it reinforces the type of behavior that leads to unrealistic promises being made. The 50% at signing and 50% at delivery model is better for this reason. Yes, there would need to be additional language surrounding what an "unmet delivery" would be and how it would be gauged with relation to promises made during the sales process.

You got half? That's pretty good! ;)

Ugh I hate their sales. There was a day they decided to spam my cell phone number constantly while I was on lunch. Not even sure how they got it, but I finally answered and got super angry with the other end. I didn’t even know it was Red Hat because they didn’t even bother leaving messages. Just back to back to back times 4 calls. Even if it were my work number, if you didn’t get through the first time, spamming my line isn’t going to get you there either.

> PS: so will it be called Blue Hat?

Purple hat.

Given that IBM are after the tech and will probably reject the culture (as also happened when Oracle ate Sun), I suggest an appropriate name would be...

Old Hat (tm)

;)

"I'm still young and I'm not going anywhere," she told CNBC.

#stillyounghat

No one beats Oracle at sales, they are a sales organization; they just happen to be selling software.

The only effective way for this to work is for RedHat to be an independent company

IBM is sliding into irrelevance in the mass market for sure, but they've still got a sizeable slice of the HPC/supercomputing market and their research in quantum computing is hard to overlook.

I work in HPC, and, well, it's VERY hard to make a good profit there.

- Customers are stingy (think academic labs, supercomputer centers etc.), are not typically married to your solution architecture so for every purchase they will put out a tender that you have to bid for and win.

- Performance is king, which means very expensive R&D, and customers don't spend much on all these "enterprise value-adds" that enterprise focused businesses use to pad their bottom lines.

Same here. I'm a HPC admin. We carefully avoid vendor lock-in because it gets too expensive too easily.

Performance is king, and we don't buy into the kind of sales bullshit that IBM is famous for.

Sadly, we just standardised on CentOS 7 for our new cluster and I am nervous about its future considering IBM involvement now.

The HPC community have forked cantos before(scientific Linux) and make up a big enough fraction of the centos volunteers to do so again.

A big part of the open source appeal is the the vendor who owns the trademark cannot unilaterally kill a product.

Not likely according to CNBC interview [1]:

> Rometty told CNBC that the deal should not be interpreted as part of any plan for her to transition out of her position as CEO at IBM.

> "I'm still young and I'm not going anywhere," she told CNBC.

[1]: https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/28/ibm-to-acquire-red-hat-in-de...

I seem to recall Gil Amelio once saying something similar...

Lovely idea that won't be possible. All that brilliance and inspiring leadership from Red Hat will be overwhelmed by the tsunami if indifference that is IBM corporate culture. On the plus side, if you're looking to hire real OSS talent for your team, I suspect a bunch of Red Hat folks will be on the market as soon as their contractual lockups expire.

> If IBM has one brain cell left, they'll pull a NeXT/Apple merger and let Red Hat executives start running the combined company.

Honestly, I could see that happening and working out great .. for legacy IBM customers. But if you aren't an existing IBM mainframe/midrange shop, there will be only tangental benefits for you.

To go with your Jobs analogy, the original iMac was all about preserving legacy Mac users. The new customers had to come in from a different angle. Does either RedHat or IBM have the angle?

Ginny has drained the life out of IBM -- and not in a good way.

IBM the company is like an iceberg.

The R&D and open source contributions are the tip. And the other 90% is services revenue.

And most people's experience with IBM services isn't positive.

> most people's experience with IBM isn't positive.

That does not reflect my or my friends experience. Once one gets beyond the local representatives, service for me always was exceptional.

He's talking about IBM global services. If you had an exceptional experience with an IT department outsourced to IGS you'd be the first.

To be fair, there are AAA teams even in global services. I believe I worked with some guys from the Hong Kong team that were !@#$ing amazing? But they were supporting a major bank.

IBM in general seems fairly aware of who their best teams are, and you're probably not going to get one of those teams. (Unless you're a huge account and/or the project is in dire straits)

Maybe for hardware. There are pretty good about hardware support. At two companies I worked at we got people sent to us for on-site repair.

Their software support is something else. I haven't had to use IBM tooling in a while, but back when I did, everything they sold was absolutely fucking terrible (DB2, RAD, WebSphere, Clear Case, Tivoli) compared to many open source equivalents.

The only reason people buy this rubbish is because they're in an old company (bank, insurance, etc.) that has relied on it for ages and don't care about the inefficiency or cost.

yup- Onsite repair technicians are no problem when you company is paying $500K a year to support it.

> Their software support is something else. I haven't had to use IBM tooling in a while, but back when I did, everything they sold was absolutely fucking terrible (DB2, RAD, WebSphere, Clear Case, Tivoli) compared to many open source equivalents.

Over 20 years in contracting that's been my experience too, utterly lazy, awful software - awful UI, continuous license issues, buggy, juggernauts of bloat. WSAD (Eclipse + Websphere plugins) was easily my worst experience with an IDE, ClearCase easily my worst experience with a SCCS etc. I pity people that have to work with any of it 9-5.

The banks and insurance companies I've worked at had support contracts, but they were useless - you more often than not just had to suck it up.

IBM is, as far a I can tell, the best example of a "mixed bag" in tech. I have heard both great and terrible things about IBM from customers, employees, developers on Open Source projects, etc. They are a huge organization, and one that seems more divided than many.

It may be more useful to view IBM as a collection of fiefdoms rather than a single, focused, entity. Yes, the money all goes into one pot at the end of the day, but there's large variance across organizations within IBM.

That said, from what I can tell OSS that goes into the IBM machine doesn't usually come out the other side improved. I worry for the health of CentOS/RHEL/Fedora under IBM's leadership. My desktop and server OS of choice, with a few brief forays into other territories along the way, has been from Red Hat for 23 years. I'd hate to lose Fedora or CentOS, or see them stagnate. Red Hat has been among the most steadfast in their support of Open Source software, as well...so, there's a real risk of the kernel, Gnome, and other OSS core infrastructure suffering, because Red Hat is a major contributor to those projects.

I don't think it'll be sudden. It usually takes years for projects to become clearly worse for having come under IBM's purview. Red Hat is large itself, and will probably take years to be fully assimilated and homogenized into IBM's lukewarm culture of mere competence with regard to their Open Source contributions.

On acquisitions, I can offer the anecdote of a friend working at a startup IBM purchased.

Things started with "IBM loves you, and pledges to stay hands off and help you do what you're already doing", continued to "We're going to replace a few management positions with folks from IBM" and "We're changing some benefits, titles, and procedures to better align with The IBM Way", and finally ended up with "You aren't meeting your sales targets, so we're going to overhaul your leadership."

Admittedly, this was a much smaller company than Red Hat. But they were profitable before being bought and had a respected product and growth.

That sounds about right. And, I suspect it'll happen to Red Hat, too, despite the fact that Red Hat is a money printing machine. They've been literally unbelievably effective at turning open source into profit (as someone who's tried to make money on building Open Source software for roughly 20 years, I find it difficult to comprehend how much money Red Hat makes). I've even occasionally considered applying at Red Hat a few times over the years (and have on a couple of occasions been encouraged to do so by people within Red Hat), just to get a direct view of how they do it.

But, IBM is a different beast. They make a lot of money on Open Source, too, but they're not a software company. It's ancillary to their core competency, and so when software goes in, it seems to eventually become a meandering bloated and bulbous creature without a clear purpose or direction, and most of the really smart people seem to leave within a year or two.

If you compare Oracle and IBM, Oracle comes off as competent.

Not in terms of technical ability; they are about equivalent. But for everything else, IBM is just a lame copy.

That seems far-fetched, to me. Oracle is very focused on being evil and making a lot of money. IBM is ambivalent about being evil.

The old saying, and who knows whether or not it's true, is that this was basically the deciding factor in Sun deciding to sell out to Oracle v. IBM.

Supposedly both companies had bids out on Sun, with Sun's leadership believing Oracle's tighter business operations would result in fewer layoffs and ultimately less harm to the staff then at Sun. If true, that seems like it mostly turned out to be extremely naive, since Oracle immediately locked down whatever they thought they could sell and cut off everything else.

To be honest the only way Red Hat selling out would've been more disheartening would've been if it was Oracle making the rounds again. I think I'd be happier about an MS acquisition than IBM. Weird, sad stuff.

Was it naive? Seems Oracle boosted investment in Java after the acquisition, at least. The stuff they cut were all dead projects walking anyway, eventually those projects were going to go no matter what Sun's fate was.

Aww.. I would have loved MS buying them. That'd actually make a ton of sense, and we would probably give them autonomy, like we've done for LinkedIn and GitHub.

IBM seems also ambivalent about making money.

Isn't it how pretty much any acquisition goes? That's my experience from the inside anyway. All hell breaks loose once the golden handcuffs have expired (3 years mark usually?) and people including management can quit with a full payout.

I really don't understand the point of this anecdote.

This is standard practice for almost every acquisition. If the startup didn't want to be part of the IBM way of doing things they shouldn't have agreed to be acquired by IBM.

In fact the rare situation was the Facebook "acquire but treat more like an independent subsidiary" model. And even that didn't last all that long.

Re: "Importantly, Red Hat is still Red Hat. When the transaction closes, as I noted above, we will be a distinct unit within IBM and I will report directly to Ginni. [...] They understand and value how and why we are different and they are committed to allowing us to remain Red Hat while scaling and accelerating all that makes us great with their resources."

Standard acquisition speak. Means nothing.

> If the startup didn't want to be part of the IBM way of doing things they shouldn't have agreed to be acquired by IBM.

In this situation, I don't think it makes sense to think of an organization as a single, monolithic entity. In this context, the only sane way to think about Red Hat is as over 12,000 employees, plus I-don't-know-how-many shareholders.

Only a very small number of those "agreed to be acquired by IBM". Probably less than 0.1% of them. They are probably also going to be the ones who are going to be the least affected by how IBM operates internally. They've now got FU money, so, as soon as whatever retention agreements they may or may not have signed expire, they'll be prancing out the door.

Everyone else probably knows very little about it - the linked press release indicates that this is probably a surprise for about 12,000 Red Hat employees, most of whom won't be getting any additional details until tomorrow's all hands meeting.

management and the board agreed to the deal. Companies are not democracies , while it is nice to have grassroots approval , it is a top down process. the very nature of these transactions make it impossible to disclose until it is done.

Ultimately in a decision like this the board has only one entity to consider -shareholders , if they believe the deal will create more value to shareholders they should consider it

Value maybe subjective Of course shareholders could be against for ideological reasons and prefer not take the money, that doesn't seem to be the case here.

While I agree with you that decisions of this nature are made top-down, the value in RedHat is its employees (as RedHat sells support for Open Source software). If a mass exodus occurs because of this acquisition, RedHat will no longer be providing value to the shareholders and will become a long running debt with no future in the black on IBM's books. It is quite possible that IBM will fail at properly handling RedHat after the acquisition due to entrenched business culture that is incapable of grasping the cultural change required to support a business model such as the one that RedHat employs. Business often appears as a bedfellow with economics with regards to ignoring the "human factor".

That lines up very closely with the experience of some friends who sold their (growing rapidly, highly profitable) startup to IBM.

It took a few months for them to realise their startup was going to languish completely within IBM, and their destiny for the 2 years after acquisition was to sit by quietly and wait for their payout, while looking for the next thing to do.

Any time & effort they put into trying to grow their startup product's future within IBM was going to be a waste of everyone's time. This was a hard lesson for them to learn post-acquisition, but I think the money in their bank accounts 2 years down the track will help them get over it

We used to be a huge SoftLayer customer. Then they got bought by IBM and service/pricing/network/everything got worse. Then we left.

IBM sucks.

Yeah, we moved out of SoftLayer soon after that acquisition, as well. They just weren't as interested in the kind of (small) money we spend and it showed.

We were a Softlayer customer for dedicated servers before the acquisition. Afterwards, we needed to add additional servers, and IBM wanted 50% more for the same config, already quite high (twice as much as we pay elsewhere). When we needed to increase the RAM from 16GB to 32GB, they wanted $50/month for a stick of RAM that costs about $100.

It's like they are using cloud pricing as a reference for dedicated servers. We run dozens of dedicated servers, and using the cloud would be 10x the cost. Amazon at least has a culture of passing on cost savings to customers.

There was a problem with a server, and I needed to connect to the console. That involved using a VPN, then downloading a Java applet with a very specific (obsolete) version of Java. The applet didn't support copy and paste, and frequently repeated keys. Try typing in a 16 digit randomly generated root password by hand with your keyboard duplicating keypresses. Linode can offer a console over SSH, why not IBM?

Screw IBM.

"then downloading a Java applet with a very specific (obsolete) version of Java. The applet didn't support copy and paste, and frequently repeated keys"

Ah, yes, Lantronix Spider. My current colo still uses that old bastard. It's the only reason I still have Java on one of my laptops. And, now that our colocated servers are getting old and crotchety, I'm beginning to think it's not worth it and considering moving out to some cloud-based thing (but to keep costs down we'd need to reimplement a lot of stuff, because "big box with a bunch of services running" is outrageously expensive on the major cloud-based virtual machines, compared to ~$100/month to stick a fat server in a rack and get a gigabit pipe plugged into it).

I don't have any contacts with IBM business-wise, so my question might sound naive: Why 90% services revenue would be a problem? They have to fund these R&D and open source contributions somehow.

Presumably due to what GP says in the next sentence:

> And most people's experience with IBM services isn't positive.

Because literally every conversation turns into a services upsell.

I've migrated a site from WAS to JBoss. The support experience is night and day. WAS on IBM OS on IBM hardware not working? Pay a four-figure-per-day consult to be told that's just how WAS works on that platform, buy more hardware.

Same application on JBoss, problems with performance, RH dropped experts in as part of the support contract.

This is not a one-off in my experience. RH, Microsoft, other vendors I deal with treat a lot of these things as covered by your enterprise support contracts. IBM treat it as a chance to upsell a services engagement, and maybe pitch that the work should be outsourced, too.

As RedHat's software is open source, isn't it possible to buy the same services from other companies?

I was under the impression that OP objected to their revenue being 90% from services regardless, that's why I commented.

It's been quite clear that their IT service shift was sad. The rest is still pretty pretty.

IBMs revenue comes from consulting but a lot of their profit comes from software https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-split-between-IT-and-consu...

In their latest quarter https://www.ibm.com/investor/att/pdf/IBM-3Q18-Earnings-Chart... $4.1b of revenue came from Cognitive Solutions (mostly solutions software) at a 76% gross profit while their global business services with the same revenue had a gross profit of only 29.8%.

By the way, they spend $1.3b on RD&E while their net income is $2.7b.

I previously commented in https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18322772 with a bit more context on how I view this deal.

Is "Cognitive Solutions" mainly their AI efforts? [1] If that's the case, and given the terrible feedback they've received from many of their Watson customers (and anecdotes from people working on it)... I am tempted to say that the future is bleak for IBM, and that people will ultimately discover that they were paying a fortune for something that does not match what's advertised (they've put millions into advertising Watson with nonsensical ads)...

...but then again, many enterprise solutions that are incredibly over-engineered, slow and costly are still alive and kicking, so who knows.

[1] https://www.ibm.com/watson/advantage-reports/getting-started...

Cognitive Solutions is nominally their AI solutions but actually includes a lot of legacy enterprise stuff put in that basket to make the numbers look better. Wall Street analysts don't dig enough to publicize any of this fiddling.

Software income is because those fine consultants pushed the IBM Solution on unsuspecting customers.

I worked for IBM in the early '90s and again in the early 2000s, on a number of high visibility projects.

None of them shipped.

IBM sucks, and this is the worst news I've heard in a very long time.

Their iSeries service isn’t bad as soon as you get by the screening person whose grasp of English leaves a lot to be desired. Talking to one of their actual techs has solved everything I’ve asked. It does probably help that machine phones home when it needs parts replaced.

There were several threads about this. We merged them into the one that was posted first.

We changed the url to the most readable and least press-releasey. The others were:

https://twitter.com/EdHammondNY/status/1056604618015285248

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-28/ibm-is-sa...

https://www.redhat.com/en/about/press-releases/ibm-acquire-r...

In my opinion: Either invest in developing hacker news support for updated news comment threads better (my recommendation is to split each thread by the original article/time in a megathread and use the newest title for the base merged thread and sort the sub-threads by time or stop merging these threads because it makes it so freaking confusing as the comments are based on totally different contexts and yet they are all intermingled.

Prime other example being the tesla going private thread which I think is this one but I'm not sure because the threads are so hacked together or duped I cannot find a hacker news link to the original tweet [0].

[0]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17709799

This happens whenever a story is changing rapidly. It doesn't have to do with merging the threads—it has to do with different comments dating from when different information was available. In this case the initial story was "might acquire" and then turned into "has acquired". The threads weren't neatly partitioned before we merged them; people just post to whichever discussion they happen to see.

When a story has been changing while the comments have been accumulating, HN readers are smart enough to figure it out, and I'm not sure adding new software would help much.

The threads were neatly partitioned because they were all based on an initial source of information (the source article), but it was then merged into one mega-thread contained conflicting sources and thus it makes it confusing since all the comments which were based on different sources are now intermingled.

Also, auto-hiding my original comment? All I am trying to do is give some personal feedback in how you guys can improve your website and your response is to try and censor me? Let the other hacker news readers decide by voting considering that that is literally one of your companies essential startup advice: "For any company, software or otherwise, this means that in order to make something people want: you must launch something, talk to your users to see if it serves their needs, and then take their feedback and iterate" [0].

[0]: https://blog.ycombinator.com/ycs-essential-startup-advice/

Not to disagree with you, because I understand your point of view, but for me the hiding doesn't come across as censoring so much as marking as "off topic, meta discussion".

People who care about that kind of thing click through and read it, otherwise it lets people skip over to read comments about the article.

I think it's reasonable to expect HN readers to realise that threads have been merged, but it can be difficult to track down the article in question all the same.

Whilst complex threading might seem to counter the simplicty of HN, might it be reasonable to include a link to the original article when merging?

Ay ay ay... if this is true then everything from RH is gonna get fatter, slower and more expensive.

Add a bit of WebSphere here, a bit of Domino there and voila. It'll then be ready for 'resource action' (aka layoffs).

Jokes aside, RH is an engineer-focussed business - IBM is an accountant-focussed business. There's just NO way these two cultures are going to work well together.

RH has been a sales-based organization.

It's like Vader asked Luke to join him in defeating the Emperor (Microsoft) and ruling the galaxy as father and son - and instead of the audience hearing "I'll never join you!!", we hear "sure, let's team up."

The cognitive dissonance is so strong here. WTF just happened? If you asked me a month ago to put down serious money in Vegas on this never happening, I'd have happily done so. What on Earth were they thinking?

IBM is basically taking it's failing Kubernetes distribution, saying "why lose when we can just buy the winners?", and went ahead and bought Red Hat and OpenShift instead. A year from now, we'll start to see heavy IBM integrations into OpenShift, radically increased licensing fees for RHEL to squeeze every penny out of enterprises which bought RHEL specifically because they need the support guarantees because they can't migrate away quickly, and every other Red Hat project - Ansible, Cockpit, Fedora, CentOS, etc., will get torn to pieces by IBM bean counters.

Red Hat shareholders just sold out. Goddamnit.

Yeah, 10 years down the line RHEL is pretty much guaranteed dead. Probably say goodbye to Fedora as well.

This is sad, Fedora has been my favourite distribution for a little while. Red Hat have been a good community player and it is a big loss for them to be gobbled up by IBM. What is the best alternative to Fedora and CentOS?

Debian is solidly community based. Ubuntu depends on Debian in order to add its own value on top.

The obvious alternative would be Ubuntu. The LTS releases are alternatives to RHEL/CentOS. The others are Fedora alternatives.

However, Red Hat is _far_ more than RHEL. They actually build a ton of OSS that's used in RHEL and elsewhere. Ubuntu does little more than repackage Debian. That's not a criticism. They package well, and they know how to polish. But there's no replacement for Red Hat as a company.

It's so weird because as a long time fedora user I absolutely detest Ubuntu. Can't stand how bloated it's become.

Try vanilla Debian. I really don't get the fascination with Ubuntu - modern Debian does all the same things, and in many cases it does it better (saner defaults, less opinionated).

And if one really needs a "one click out of the box" desktop distro, then Mint.

My guess is that people tend to favour the OS they ‘grew up’ with.

Ubuntu made big inroads on the desktop in the early 2000’s, and now those people are running their own infrastructure.

Mint is based on Ubuntu. There is a version of Mint based on Debian but that is experimental.

LMDE has been around for several years now. IMO, it's "experimental" in the same way many Google services are "beta". Which is to say, in practice, it works just fine.

you say opionated like it's a bad thing. Opinionated is exactly why I use Fedora.

It can be a good thing or a bad thing, depending on how closely it matches your opinion.

Conversely, non-opinionated might not be good, but it's guaranteed to be not bad.

I agree with the first, but on the second, I'd rather switch to a different system that more closely matches my opinion.

I've been doing this crap way too long to want to configure everything myself.

That's why we have Debian!

Obviously Debian always will be there...

OpenSuse, they've shown an ability to deal with corporate buyouts and survive. They also continue to support the open source community.

NixOS due to its excellent community and quality.

DragonFly BSD

I'm sticking with Fedora - too early to tell.

I only used tried-and-tested distros like Yggdrasil.

Too early to say what will happens with Fedora and other RH products.

But Red Hat/Fedora has been a huge contributor to very basic Linux ecosystem things which everyone benefits from, like the freedesktop standard stuff and more.

I wonder how this change will pan out across the entire Linux-sphere. I’m wondering and I’m trying not to be pessimistic.

Well, at least my shares of DEBN just shot up.

Which went up because.... it's now seen as an acquisition target as well?

Edit; ah sorry I didn't know...

I think mindslight is joking; Debian is not a company, it can't be bought.

public companies are beholden to their shareholders. Enough shareholders liked the premium they were being offered...

It's not good, but it's the peril of most public quoted companies.

Public companies can have multiple classes of stock with different voting rights. Private company can be sold.

Sure they can, but most public companies (absent places like Facebook, which IIRC has a setup which favours Zuckerberg heavily) are more susceptible to being forced to sell whether they want to or not.

Private companies (especially one's who aren't beholden to VCs or similar) have the option to say no, regardless of how much money they're offered.

I always find this language kind of interesting. Companies are inanimate entities, they can't want or not want something. When you say "they want to" or "have the option to" who do you really mean?

Pretty sure the gp is referring to employees and top management, rather than shareholders. I.e. the actual daily functioning portion of the company.

I share the sentiment.

Gawd. Freaking. Dammit.

I've been using RHEL-derived systems for like almost 20 years. This actually feels like a betrayal of the Open Source community.

Any bets on whether Fedora and CentOS will exist in November 2019?

Where’s the history of IBM buying and sun setting companies? I don’t have the same prejudice towards IBM that I do for Oracle. But I’m not in a position to know.

I’m thinking RHEL’s support contracts will keep IBM from shuttering RHEL. An IBM branded RHEL would represent plenty of income.

SPSS comes to mind.

Can you expand?

ISS?

They can cancel many projects that RedHat do as a general giving back to Linux. IBM wouldn't care.

Rational Rose, Lotus

Can you expand?

WeatherUnderground was effectively shut down post-purchase. API signup is gone, etc. Terrible transition and no support for prior products.

This is 0% true...

Weather underground is a shell of what it used to be. They got rid of a ton of features and cluttered everything with ads

This is 100% true. They abandoned so many good parts of WU and, today, it seems to continue to operate as data collection (mobile apps / home weather stations) and ad revenue generation.

Sequent, though I can't see them doing the same things to RH.

zOS reboot, duh!

Kidding aside, nothing about this is good for the open source movement.

Donated to Apache...

The boilerplate and vague statement of Red Hat remaining a distinct unit doesn't really tell us anything. More relevant is what the CentOS and Fedora communities think of this acquisition, because no matter what they are community driven projects.

There are two coins to toss: whether IBM reaches into Red Hat in a way that kills off either project; and whether enough of the community steps out.

I'm curious what openSUSE folks think of SUSE having been acquired by Novel, then Attachmate, and then the Micro Focus merger. They've been through a lot, and openSUSE is still here.

Conversely, I wonder what this does to the Linux ecosystem. It looks like at this point, Debian and Arch are the only major self-sufficient distros (i.e. not built on top of another distro) that are still community-owned and community-driven; and of the two, Debian is clearly more broadly popular. So, will this result in Debian becoming the de facto standard of "open Linux"? This could make things interesting when it comes to packaging etc.

There are others, puppy Linux, Alpine, and slackware to name a few.

What about PCLinuxOS, openSUSE, Mageia, Void, Nixos, Solus ?

None of these qualify as "mainstream" compared to RedHat/CentOS/Fedora and Debian/Ubuntu. Even SUSE, which used to be in the big league, is a shadow of its former glory.

If you look at what runs on production servers, it's virtually always RHEL/CentOS, or Debian/Ubuntu. Everybody else isn't even above 5%, and most of those you've listed are in fractional digits.

For another data point, if you look at websites, Debian+Ubuntu is already >50%. At this point, I think it's well on its way to becoming the Linux distro, with everything else being relegated to the hacker/boutique niche. And I think that this announcement, and what IBM is likely to do with RHEL afterwards, will accelerate that trend substantially.

Shame. As far as I can tell OpenSUSE & Fedora are on the same level. I often struggle deciding which one to install on new servers because I love them both so much.

well, that’s basically already happened. with its strict adherence to GNU, and with the truly phenomenal number of distros based on debian (especially if you include ubuntu derived distros, but ubuntu is so different these days that idk if it’s really the same any more?)

Is it really so different though? It feels like it's been converging if anything, what with Ubuntu on systemd these days, and moving from Unity to Gnome Shell. What are the substantial differences at this point?

Actually, these days Ubuntu is closer to Debian than previously.

Ubuntu is Debian... repackaged

I wonder if the Fedora community could immediately fork off their own and essentially "leave" IBM/RH hanging? Not even sure if that is legally possible now, as the terms of the sale could have potentially included looming/upcoming license changes that might prevent that. I'd say they'd have to act quick and with their general feeling on whether they'd want to go that route (the Fedora community), and I'm sure their would still be legal challenges from IBM in any case if they attempted something like that.

There are no legal challenges and there is no hurry. You wouldn't be able to call the fork Fedora but other than that it's absolutely impossible for any shady backroom deal to affect your future ability of forking Fedora. The licensing of the collection as well as the individual components grants you that right and there is no way to take it back retroactively.

With the current state of things, forking Fedora seems unlikely to be a wise decision. RedHat is the major contributor, paying the salaries of many Fedora developers. So far, nothing has changed here with that acquisition.

All the buildings tools, backends, many devs are provided by Redhat. Without them I don't know how we would operate.

OpenSuse still rocks it.

> I'm curious what openSUSE folks think of SUSE having been acquired by Novel, then Attachmate, and then the Micro Focus merger. They've been through a lot, and openSUSE is still here.

OpenSuSE has been more like Fedora over their years; they historically never had a CentOS equivalent (although the newer OpenSuSE is moving there).

Regarding openSUSE (I work for SUSE so obviously don't speak for the wider openSUSE community, just my 2¢ as a contributor):

While people do have a reasonable level of hostility over the Novell acquisition (which has left some deep cultural scar tissue within SUSE), they did give us openSUSE.

Overall there is often worry when we have an acquisition (since a very large portion of openSUSE maintainers are employed by SUSE). With EQT quite a few folks were worried about how separated the finances were between openSUSE and SUSE and I believe Richard Brown commented on how exactly he's pushing for better financial and trademark separation (the only two things that they really share anymore).

So while people do get worried every one in a while, I get the impression that overall things are going okay despite the series of acquisitions in recent years.

However, Fedora/RedHat have a different structure and relationship and I wouldn't use the openSUSE/SUSE model to predict how things will work out.

Not a huge fan of Redhat, but I am a big user. I'm willing to wait and see.

Maybe we'll see more community offerings?

What is the relationship between RHEL and CentOS?

Never actually used RHEL, but I've heard that they're basically the same - one comes with the support, the other obviously doesn't.

Is CentOS supported by Red Hat, so IBM in theory could shut them down?

CentOS is the main competition to RHEL licenses. I have been in many meetings where the "use CentOS so if we have to buy RHEL its an easy conversion " was made

I assumed Redhat was going to capture lost revenue by somehow making CentOS less viable.

IBMs business nature makes me think its even more likely now.

From my perspective, it always seemed that RHEL's big problem was that CentOS was easier to use. Whenever I set up a machine, I always reached for CentOS because to me it was the same thing, except I didn't have to ask for a license, I didn't have to securely store the license, I didn't have to enter the license, and I didn't have to document my strategies for handling those things.

It's generally also more reliable. In any sort of an org like setup, RHEL will be managed through Satellite. The new Satellite seems like a massive pain. The old one also had issues. Running centos compared to registering clients to satellite is a breadth of fresh air. Sometimes I wonder if RH creates complexity, and sells these overly complicated solutions to problems they create.

I can't find the reference, but Red Hat recently hugged CentOS after sort of passively ignoring it for a while. Now, as I understand it, Red Hat has committed to actively supporting CentOS.

They're different products for different customers. Folks who want to work cheap and hack their own stuff together will use CentOS and would never have bought a RHEL license anyway.

Meanwhile, folks who need a "we've got support" answer for every question will use RHEL and wouldn't be tempted by CentOS anyway; the cost savings is not worth the risk.

redhat owns the centos trademark and employs most of its developers.

>Any bets on whether Fedora and CentOS will exist in November 2019?

I would say that Fedora and CentOS aren't going away anywhere. Not because of this anyway. There were similar concerns around RH's acquisition (if that's what you call it) of CentOS a couple of years ago, but things have largely been the same. And it's mostly for selfish reasons. The overall dev mindshare of RH based systems has shrunk compared to Ubuntu. So anything that moves people away from Ubuntu to the RH ecosystem is net win because eventually some corp will write a check when they need support. It's the same idea as MS not going after pirates just to increase MS's overall market share.

> I would say that Fedora and CentOS aren't going away anywhere.

That was the sentiment regarding OpenSolaris when Oracle bought Sun... (And I can't believe no one's mentioned this in 800+ comments so far.)

OpenSolaris came after regular Solaris. It was a retroactive opening of code, and wasn't as essential to regular Solaris. In contrast, Fedora is quite instrumental to RHEL's existence. CentOS is not that instrumental, but it's not a major cost sink either. It used to be community driven earlier and can become so again. i.e., Unless they go out of their way to do something malicious, which would have little payoff anyway.

> Fedora is quite instrumental to RHEL's existence

Could you expand on that? I'm curious.

Fedora is upstream for RHEL. RHEL is made up of several Fedora releases. Fedora is also the testing ground for RHEL.

Fedora and CentOS will both survive -- but maybe under a different name.

This is possible because everything in Redhat/Fedora/Centos is open source.

I'd be willing to bet numerous people are working on a non IBM/Redhat version of Centos.

That's the thing with an acquisition like this: what did IBM buy exactly? The code is open source, the people can leave and form a new company. The thing IBM really owns are Red Hat's contracts. But when those expire, the other party could sign their new contract with a company of former Red Hatters, if they want.

Buying an open source company only makes sense if you give the employees of that company exactly what they want. They are the real value.

It takes a lot more than a few to provide support. It would take years to get near the support that Red Hat provide now.

Theoretically, it seems all Red Hatters could quit simultaneously and form a new company according to the same structure they had before.

Of course in practice that requires a lot of coordination, there's a ton of legal hoops to jump through and you end up with a big company built around customers it doesn't currently have.

I think it is more like Frontier buying phone lines from Verizon so they could temporarily reduce their free-fall in revenue.

Two or three years from now IBM will be the next GE.

> Red Hat shareholders just sold out.

The Red Hat board were offered a massive premium on an already generously-priced stock. If they hadn't sold there probably would've been lawsuits left and right.

The deal is subject to shareholder approval. I think based on that approval, you'll be able to estimate how right or wrong you are about lawsuits had the board rejected the offer.

RHT is $20 billion in market cap as of Friday, and the offer is $34 billion.

As soon as I heard this news, I was looking to invest in SUSE until I found out they were just bought by a private equity firm earlier this year.

What's going on with Linux providers? Is Amazon really just dominating the space?

no, but most cloud providers are not opensourcing their contributions to linux.

Is that really true? The big three cloud providers all have commits to the Linux kernel:

~/linux   master ● $ git log --author=amazon --format='%h %s%n %ad, %an <%ae>' --date=short | grep @amazon | wc -l 206

~/linux   master ● $ git log --author=microsoft --format='%h %s%n %ad, %an <%ae>' --date=short | grep @microsoft | wc -l 1825

~/linux   master ● $ git log --author=google --format='%h %s%n %ad, %an <%ae>' --date=short | grep @google | wc -l 11283

Good on Google.

Besides the kernel contributions, Google has a long list of open source projects: https://opensource.google.com/projects/list/featured

For all the hates Google gets on HN, they have been at the forefront of supporting OSS.

Google develops Android. It's in their best interest that their changes to the kernel get mainlined... The internal APIs of the kernel tend to change a lot, and Linus doesn't really care about out of tree breakage.

That's how userland Android is.

https://opensource.microsoft.com/

https://aws.github.io/

https://opensource.fb.com/

https://netflix.github.io/

https://uber.github.io/

https://opensource.apple.com/

This list is not nearly exhaustive, but my main point is Google is hardly the outlier here.

Good on all the developers pushing for open source so much. The industry is in a much better place than it was 25 years ago.

SUSE has been acquired many times in the past several years (Novell, Attachmate, MicroFocus). In theory, EQT will help us "get back on our feet" in terms of self-sufficiency but how things will actually pan out is obviously still unclear.

[Disclaimer: I work at SUSE.]

Ubuntu (Canonical) just stared looking more attractive as they were trying to be an independent commercially-supported Linux offering.

Or, if you don’t like Canonical (and to be fair they do a lot less than Red Hat do), encouraging corporate users to sponsor Debian directly would be amazing.

I'd rather corporate users sponsor Arch. My guess is Canonical will be announcing they are getting acquired by Microsoft soon.

Except corporate users usually want support.

It does make me wonder though if it would ever be possible for a bunch of business savy open source developers could ever get around to creating an open source co-op. Something like the commercial version of the FSF. Build open source products with solid support contracts, and build/contribute to open source that way.

The organization would be owned by the very people building and contributing the code.

RedHat is the only company that I can see that really did everything in the open.

I'm not sure which one I feel worse about, Oracle buying Sun, or IBM buying RedHat? I feel that Oracle did some major missteps in their acquisition (for this I look squarely at OpenOffice, and their misshandling of it, although, the OOo community hated the Oracle acquisition from day one, which I guess might have made it a little like poison berries - no one would want to go near it).

Oracle completely ruined MySQL during the acquisition too.

> Except corporate users usually want support.

What prevents anyone from offering an enterprise support program for Arch?

Corporate users can barely get around to patching windows desktops and are happy with Redhat being so slow moving, they're not going to jump on the arch constant upgrade cycle anytime soon.

This so much.

It is not ideal for managing servers without better supporting documentation, but engineering efforts would be pretty minimal to make it work well.

What's it take to build an excellent Arch enterprise support team (because that's the only way I'd ever want to do it)?

Taking on the big ones on their own turf isn't going to work, I think. By that turf I mean supporting years old versions running in dusty custom data centers.

I'd suggest building an auto-upgrade system on top of Arch (or Alpine), and go for immutable infrastructure as the selling point. That's stepping on CoreOS's toes a bit, but I haven't seen any progress from that crowd ever since Red Hat bought them, so it'll probably get even worse now.

That way you can target AWS/Azure/$OTHER_MODERN_STUFF in a more focused way, and you won't be stuck on supporting months/years old versions of the OS.

> I'd suggest building an auto-upgrade system on top of Arch (or Alpine), and go for immutable infrastructure as the selling point. That's stepping on CoreOS's toes a bit, but I haven't seen any progress from that crowd ever since Red Hat bought them, so it'll probably get even worse now.

In that case, why not go all the way over to NixOS? They already have a more or less complete cloud stack with NixOps, the only problem is hardly anyone knows how to use it.

>only problem is hardly anyone knows how to use it.

That's a massive, show-stopping problem.

> That's a massive, show-stopping problem.

How so?

I agree that it's a nontrivial problem to learn a piece of complex software from scratch to the point that you can offer comprehensive enterprise support for it, but how is that show-stopping?

No, I mean NixOS/NixOPS being incomprehensible to a large amount of us even after several years of existing. That's a huge problem, and it's their problem.

I'm not sure what the cause is. If it's a fundamental technological problem, then it's insurmountable, but if it's just a documentation problem, then it might be fixable. It doesn't look good though, since, like I said, the whole stack has existed for a long time. You would think that something would've been done about it.

All that said, perhaps I'm just dumb. I'll be happy to see someone prove me wrong and succeed with that combo. The underlying technology is certainly interesting and powerful. But I won't be trying it.

This announcement made me really sad. Red Hat was a company I admired.

I guess the only silver lining is that the buyer wasn't Oracle.

Obligatory link to one of the best rants ever presented against Oracle as an acquirer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zRN7XLCRhc&t=34m

"Do not fall into the trap... of anthropomorphizing Larry Ellison... If you put your hand inside a lawnmower, it will get chopped off. The lawnmower doesn't care... The lawnmower doesn't want to kill open source. The lawnmower just can't think about open source. The lawnmower can't have empathy."

Ditto, I can almost guarantee I'll be in a meeting in the week or two where my directors will want to discuss the possibility of moving off of Redhat, at least as a contingency plan.

Or Microsoft (who, after all, <heart>s Linux).

Hopefully this will cause an uptick in Gentoo (and OpenBSD)!

Yup, since I switched to FreeBSD year or more ago it makes watching news like this much less stressful.

Curious why Free>Open, for your usecase, as I'd like to learn more about them.

Very simple reason, zfs, checksums and scrub. I would love to use open but I was already bitten by bit rot on ext4 on linux.

And Arch Linux.

I love arch, I was using it for over 10 years in a row, but it uses systemd now 'owned' by IBM.

May be worth looking at:

https://artixlinux.org/

There is also Gentoo, Alpine, and Void.

Defeting aws not ms. And projects like ansible and cloud formation / manage iq are the weapons

> Red Hat shareholders just sold out. Goddamnit.

RedHat is a public company, in what fantasy land do you exist where this isn't expected?

Furthermore, the deal is still subject to shareholder approval:

> The acquisition has been approved by the boards of directors of both IBM and Red Hat. It is subject to Red Hat shareholder approval. It also is subject to regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions. It is expected to close in the latter half of 2019.

So you really should be complaining that RedHat's board of directors just sold out, and that's their fiduciary duty.

Selling out is not necessarily the “duty” of the board of directors. It could definitely be in the interest of shareholders to stay independent.

Agreed. The board's fiduciary duty is to do what's best for the stockholders.

> Red Hat shareholders just sold out.

Might be going out on a limb here, but maybe that’s why they bought the stock, so they could sell out at a profit?

> The cognitive dissonance is so strong here.

Where? Can you give an example of an expression of cognitive dissonance here?

I'm surprised at the amount of backlash here.

IBM's had the Linux Technology Center (LTC) for a long time and has been contributing to the community. All the platforms Z, POWER etc... support Linux as a first class citizen and plenty of other ecosystems are also supported (i.e GCC, OpenJDK, etc...)

Maybe its time to re-evaluate the old biases? The old incumbents like Microsoft have warmed up to OSS, not sure why Big-Blue is getting this much flak.

Microsoft has been doing a lot to rebuild itself as a cloud provider.

IBM has been doing a lot to go out of business.

Microsoft's first CEO is still chairman and helping lead the company even from the sidelines.

IBM is a floating raft of failed leadership.

Microsoft isn't trusted fully by the community but they are making inroads under their new CEO.

IBM has been firing its most senior people in an effort to slow its cash burn and to hire younger folks. IBM also claims it's also to bring on folks with more relevant skills to emerging technologies. I think there is a lawsuit about this.

Anyway, IBM has done nothing in recent years to show they are a true contender.

If the Redhat team is able to pull a Next here and assume leadership roles inside of IBM this could be stellar. Big Blue's formidable sales team and reputation with a great product line overseen by passionate people would be powerful.

If the IBM existing leadership team emerges as the winners here it will likely continue to fade into irrelevance.

> Microsoft's first CEO is still chairman

Bill Gates is no longer the chairman of Microsoft. He stepped down in 2014 to concentrate on the Gates Foundation.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft (see "Key people" in the sidebar)

He does still have a regular (i.e. not the chairmanship) board seat though, "non-independent" like Nadella.

"Microsoft's first CEO is still chairman and helping lead the company even from the sidelines." this is not true? maybe you meant he's a technical adviser

> Microsoft's first CEO is still chairman and helping lead the company even from the sidelines

It'd be super awkward if TJ Watson was still leading IBM from the sidelines.

sir, you make a good point. the world always changes. microsoft has changed, perhaps IBM has also. one who believes in sin and redemption perhaps should give IBM a chance.

Is there a hell for corporations?

To add some substance to my comment. I’ve interacted with IBM in different scenarios. I’ve had to manage a team of IBM consultants at work, very frustrating experience. I still shed tears every time I think the hourly rate paid vs the value they provided. When Watson was being hipped the company I was working for was approached to use the tech and come up with some PoCs, the dissonance between the biz dev pitch and the actual “solution” was abismal. Currently I’m at a different company and we have IBM as one of our customers, the image that comes to mind is a headless chicken running around. That is to say, not a very impressive impression. I’ve to say that I’ve seen some interesting stuff as well. But I’m still very sad about the buyout

Thing is, IBM does not have a great reputation for how it manages its staff as it tends to favour moving positions to low cost locations and redundancies that provide the minimum possible payouts

e.g.

https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/04/18/ibm/ https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/03/29/ibm_layoffs/ https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/03/27/ibm_tss/ https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/01/23/ibm_gts_workforce_o...

(and that's just from this year)

they also have a reputation for being primarily concerned with the bottom line (profit-wise) over other drivers.

So concerns around how they'll manage this kind of acquisition seem at least somewhat justified.

I've followed POWER for a while now, and it seems to be mostly marketing hype. The POWER8 was not much better than the Xeons out, and had almost no availability. POWER9 excels at a lot of IO-bound tasks, but again, it's nearly impossible to find. It doesn't help that there are very few systems you can buy out there. On paper, the POWER9 looks awesome. Then you look closer at the actual architecture and realize that a lot of pieces of the design are weird and/or seem somewhat useless. It also doesn't help that they're extremely expensive, especially since there are so few options.

So while I'd like IBM to compete with Intel, they need to pony up more money if they really want to push the industry. Don't make it so hard to buy one, and publish benchmarks/comparisons with Intel.

My impression is that POWER is more suitable for certain types of scientific computation that require high degrees of precision rather than for general purpose enterprise use. POWER9 is the only CPU architecture out there that has support for quad-precision floats. Alas, no CPU exists with support for octuple floats, since only astrophysicists need that level of precision.

Right, and that's what we were evaluating it for. It's also the only one with pcie4, 8 memory channels, and CAPI. Nonetheless, it needs software and libraries to be updated to use some of these, and in many cases, they're not.

Based on your subcomment about evaluation, I'm very interested to hear your opinions about Talos' offerings - up to now I've only heard anecdotes from individuals drinking the security+ownership kool-aid.

What IBM offers is probably a lot more coherent and takes better advantage of what the POWER architecture has to offer, such as larger quantities of RAM, the per-node interconnect fabric, faster I/O (not just PCIe), etc (admittedly totally naive here). Plus of course there's z/OS, which I know enough about to respect (and want to play with someday :) ).

Talos basically offers only Linux and a mildly DIY standing-up experience (https://tenfourfox.blogspot.com/2018/05/a-semi-review-of-rap...), although this is likely to be reasonably painless for non-desktop configurations (and perhaps volume orders can come preconfigured).

As a bit of a pet idea I kind of want to colocate one of the 2U or 4U systems for generic web serving and similar duties, but I fear that running a blog/discussion system on such a machine may result in a constant effort (on my part) at keeping discussion focused on the "it's a different architecture, what comp-sci interesting things can we do with it" aspect instead of getting distracted by shallow OCD-meta-security bikeshedding.

(It's kind of sad that the collective consensus about new/different architectures has to always be about security nowadays, and not about unbiased exploration, which is what we're best at)

No, it's time to start remembering history and that if we don't learn from it, we're doomed to repeat it.

IBM has been historically a Linux contributor. Eclipse, their open source IDE, opened the other to Java and other programming languages in the OS. And Power processors supported Linux early on. From that perspective to purchase Red Hat makes sense. It makes even more sense as the announcement states that they are trying to create a bigger cloud provider to compete with Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud, and Microsoft Azure.

My main concern is the reduction on variety. All big businesses are buying layer after layer of different markets reducing the number of options that one can choose.

* https://thenewstack.io/contributes-linux-kernel/

* https://www.redhat.com/en/about/press-releases/ibm-acquire-r...

According to their 10Q and 10K filings, IBM is over seventy percent a consultation business with less than ten percent of revenue being made from hardware.

So with RedHat and the remains of IBMs hardware division, they make a push into the cloud with their own RISC-V servers with chips fabbed on an advanced node and with a full software stack driven by both IBM and RedHat developers. They'd be vertical in their cloud offerings.

You don't need to tell me I'm hallucinating - I know. But it's fun to imagine something good coming from this rather than the simple destruction of RedHat.

Why would they drop OpenPOWER for RISC-V?

>> Why would they drop OpenPOWER for RISC-V?

IBM is member of the RISC-V foundation. If they could make a similar high performance server chip with RISC-V ISA I'd take that over OpenPOWER any day due to the much wider acceptance of it. They could also support both and see which goes further.

>>IBM has been historically a Linux contributor.

Maybe, but IBM has been historically a for profit enterprise, required to appease investors every quarter (or the CEO goes, stock crashes etc.)

They may have contributed to projects to then sell services, but make no mistake, IBM has their own interests at heart, not yours.

Are RedHat not a for profit enterprise required to appease investors? They're also a publicly traded company - and part of the S&P 500 even!

> Maybe, but IBM has been historically a for profit enterprise...

So has RedHat.

You do realise that a lot of Linux kernel development is being done by for profit enterprises, don't you? None of these companies are doing this out of the goodness of their hearts, but because they have a vested interest. Linux is at the heart of possibly the majority of modern IT infrastructure.

Besides,IBM/RH are by not even the largest contributors. Intel does more than both of them combined, and then you have other heavyweights like Google who have an interest (notably through Android) in keeping the project going. Even if IBM were to pull out for some reason, there are more than enough others who could pick up the slack.

Not just "a lot." Over 90% of contributions come from developers who are hired by companies to contribute to the Linux kernel: https://thenewstack.io/contributes-linux-kernel. Intel and Redhat each contribute more than all the individual contributors put together.

I see way too many good open source projects relying on donations, and they are not doing well. Nothing wrong with making money, or rather, it's an essential part of life (for better or worse).

I am CEO of WSO2, an open source software company, with 500 enterprise customers and competitive to IBM, MULE, and RHT.

I have packaged up my observations on the acquisition and the impact to open source in this blog post.

https://medium.com/@tylerjewell/ibm-acquires-red-hat-what-th...

Not sure why you're getting downvoted, this is the real fear.

whats a WSO2

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/WSO2

A previous employer used their identity server for a SSO system. It did what we needed it to and seemed like it was well written.

"We expect OpenShift to become the dominant brand for Kubernetes."

That seems like a strong statement that I didn't see any backing for in the blog post. Care to expand? I haven't seen much settling in the k8s space. In fact it looks like things are still heating up with many companies pivoting in that direction.

What is a better business model then taking something that is free, and renting it at a premium ...

Horay for Free Market! This is why all our stuff are low quality now as all the brands are actually owned by 1 mega corp.

Is this event comparable to when Oracle bought Sun? Should we expect IBM to rip RH apart and alienate all existing customers?

It's worse, IMHO. IBM treats their customers as prey just like Oracle plus they treat their own people worse. I know people who've had the IBM licensing ninja squad show up at their door for surprise validation with a big bill as a result.

However nice their open source work is, RH licensing is already every bit as scummy as the others, at least if my coworkers in the department I used to work for are to be believed. Bait and switch freebies, "we need to run this sketchy shell script on your production system to determine how much money you owe us" nonsense, coming back with a ludicrously inaccurate bill that has to be argued over point-by-point with lawyers, the works.

> bait and switch freebies. How true.

When IBM bought Informix they replaced competent database support with aggressive DB2 marketing droids and presented us with an annual bill sixty times more than Informix had charged.

I have extensive dealings with both.

Oracle are actually malicious. IBM are just incompetent.

If you can find a good account manager inside IBM for your needs, then there is a chance that you'll be able to get on well. Otherwise you'll have to do what I did which is say publicly shame the head of department on a public platform, with their superiors listening in.

Oracle however, have no shame.

I seriously wonder who is still left at oracle who actually cares about technology and pushing it forward, instead of using it as a tool to squeeze money.

Most competent Sun people have left oracle and are onto greener pastures.

Core database engineering is still strong at Oracle.

The alienate and destroy part is likely. Very different situations otherwise.

Sun was essentially a dead shell that still held a few valuable pieces when Oracle purchased them. Overall the business was in terminal decline.

Red Hat, while wildly overvalued (as many things are/were in this bubble market), has a consistently growing business that is on good footing overall.

Their prior four fiscal year sales figures: $1.7b, $2b, $2.4b, $2.9b

They look like they could do $3.4b in sales for fiscal 2019.

Their profitability is mildly lacking and combined with their modest growth doesn't come close to supporting their extreme valuation (much less when the stock was 50% higher). It's not surprising the board might sell the company here, the stock market bubble is likely nearing an end, with interest rates rising or a recession coming up next (either of which guarantee it's over). Red Hat may not see much higher than this market cap for another decade - assuming continued modest growth - if they were valued at a more sane level.

Red Hat is riding relatively high. Sun was on its last legs as an independent entity. Red Hat very clearly does not need to sell here, if they do it's simply the board taking what is an extraordinary price (would have to guess the deal will value them at 60 to 80 times idealized 2018 earnings).

There is also the big difference that Sun was in the middle of transitioning to open source company (almost begrudgingly I think after everything else had failed), they weren't the great friend of open source they now are remembered as at their peak of their success. Sun still held significant amount of proprietary IP when they were acquired. In comparison RH has been open source from the get go, and pretty much everything they have is open source.

Sun was helping open source before Linux existed.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunsite

In the early 90’s, sure, Sun was somewhat friendly. In the 2000’s and onward? Not so much.

Could you cite some examples? Dtrace and ZFS were both open sourced during this time period IIRC.

IIRC, the licenses for those were rather hostile, even if technically “Open Source”.

Can't mention Oracle/Sun without linking to this amazing rant:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zRN7XLCRhc&feature=youtu.be...

Love it. Gotta ask though - is that guy on meth or something? Hour long speech at top speed...

Cloud native/kubernetes race is just exploding.

RH strategy was mostly focused around OpenShift lately, which makes complete sense. Kubernetes is the next datacenter OS, just as ESX (and virtualization in general) was in the past 15 years and it's going to drive a radical shift in the enterprise IT world in the coming years. IBM (as an active member of the kubernetes community) see that huge opportunity and are doubling down on their efforts.

Any bets on the next player in this space to be acquired by an IT behemoth? Docker and Rancher both come to mind.

Docker just took more funding, so it'll likely be a while, but yeah I'd say they're very likely to get acquired in the medium - long term.

Rancher haven't raised in a couple of years, so might be more prone to acquisition in the short term.

In general it lseems likely that as containerization has taken off over the last couple of years , larger players who missed the boat will be looking to make acquisitions to become more relevant in that space.

Rancher desperately needs to find a niche.

Docker seems to be determined to strike it out on their own. The implications of Kubernetes takes time to materialize, and they might well sell too late.

Canonical will likely be acquired by Microsoft.

Interesting ... don't see it happening. The invested but never bought Cyanogen, so I could see them buying some stock but not buying the company.

New IBM hire, software developer. So far; I've taken part of 3 separate events where I was essentially sat through a presentation on why I should file patents (so they could farm IP off of me and my peers). IBM is a pathological company, and definitely not good news for open source.

Did you expect this beforehand? I can imagine they try to show themselves as being innovative and stuff, and only after you join you get the company policy details on stuff like what you just mentioned.

IBM is legendary for monetizing (many/most would say abusing) their patent portfolio. Be hard to miss this when getting hired.

Here is a pretty famous story: https://www.forbes.com/asap/2002/0624/044.html

All major tech companies file patents - shouldn't be surprising that it's going to be part of the job.

Red hat even has like 2000 patents

How about SAP? Aren't they a European company where software patents have no legal force? Do they fill patents for the US too?

Europe has software patents but (this was the advice given to me) the bar to obtain one is very high.

Otherwise you may apply for patents in any country that has them. And indeed you need to file in each country where you want protection.

It's not entirely true that in Europe that software patents don't exist.

From: https://fsfe.org/campaigns/swpat/swpat.en.html "The European Patent Convention states that software is not patentable. But laws are always interpreted by courts, and in this case interpretations of the law differ. So the European Patents Office (EPO) grants software patents by declaring them as "computer implemented inventions". "

There's 20,000 hits for a Google patent search for patents assigned to SAP (https://patents.google.com/?assignee=SAP+SE+)

Thanks for clarifying. While I kinda expected SAP to have some software patents, I didn't know that software patents or 'computer implemented inventions' were still a thing in Europe.

What that quoted sentence means is that you can file for a software patent with EPO and it will usually be granted. Implication by omission from that is that resulting patent is essentially unenforceable in the EU.

SAP files patents in the US.

Not just tech companies. I work at a bank and we've filed a bunch of software/algorithm/tech patents.

I used to write software for print manufacturing. Where the ink meets the paper for books, newspapers, packaging. Our biggest customer was granted multiple patents for our product's core functionality. A full decade after they started using our wares. We had no idea until I was idly researching patents in our field.

The patent system is broken.

This is rather normal, not pathological. Most companies like to file patents, definitely including startups. Where do you think their patents come from, if not from work their employees do? It's work that's worth paying for.

Having some proprietary code doesn't prevent companies from also making substantial contributions to open source in other areas.

  Having some proprietary code doesn't prevent companies from also making substantial contributions to open source in other areas.

... yes, but patents are not "proprietary code", in which case granting copyright is enough. If a private company contributes code I think it could even grant the copyright to an open organization, but still decide later to sue if the method/feature/function/etc is patented by them.

Not that I'd foresee IBM or any of the real players in the IT space attempting that anymore, I think most realize that alienating the F/OSS community isn't a viable strategy for a software services company in the long term.

Many companies will license patents to an open organisation as well as indemnify them against patent threats from other companies.

Patents are by and large warfare between large companies. They almost never used against open source contributors or small companies unless by patent trolls.

> normal, not pathological

Those aren't opposites, it can be both

actually, the normal advice for startups these days is to not file patents. They're expensive and pretty much useless. They used to be worthwhile because investors liked them, but investors aren't so hot on them any more (because expensive and usually indefensible).

Have you been enjoying the morale nothings-on-fire-we-swear propoganda all-hands meetings? I was in IBM, software dev, for a year - just left around July. God help your soul.

The joy of working in a large corp. One day it's: boss's boss cares a lot about the work of this team. The next day the whole project gets cancelled. All hands propaganda meetings are so much fun ;-)

”sat through a presentation on why I should file patents”

Some years ago, I worked for Red Hat. I remember them saying the same thing about patents. There was even some kind of reward scheme if you filed one with your name on it.

(in hindsight, I guess I should have held on to those employee stock options!)

I've seen RedHat (via JBoss) knowingly patent work they read in a research paper without referencing or funding them. I was positive it was for a reward, as there was no additionally novel ideas in their descriptions and similar work was already open sourced. I knew it wouldn't hold up so it didn't bother me as impacting my projects, but I was disappointed over the ethics of them doing that. I do wonder how many patent rewards are given for someone else's work by farming from the research community.

It's been my experience that engineers are quite poor at judging the "patentability" of ideas. I'm not saying that you're wrong, just that the patent field is quite opaque and difficult to understand, which is why patent lawyers do quite well.

It's been my experience that non-engineers are really poor at judging novelty. Plenty of patents are the equivalent of making a new widget and holding it together with screws. It's not a screw patent or a widget patent, the novelty is in holding the widget together with screws. Someone invents a new fastener and suddenly every product in existence can get a patent by redesigning what they have using the new fastener. Substitute "algorithm" or "data structure" for screw and you have a large slice of the world of software patents.

I've seen plenty of seemingly dumb patents myself, but most of them are legal because an application of a known technique to a new field is considered novel in patent law. So if you design an amazing new zipper for jackets, I can probably copy that, put it on a backpack, and get a patent on that and there would be nothing wrong with that legally.

Well, there's legal and there's right. They are not not always the same.

Your backpack example is a perfect illustration of my point. Thanks for that. It is a matter of degree of course, but the bar for patentability is really low IMHO. The new zipper may have been worthy of a patent, but every new instance of its use where another zipper was previously used should not be.

You are completely right, but it does highlight the incongruity of:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person_having_ordinary_skill_i...

Based on the above phrase you could almost be forgiven for thinking somethings "patentability" would actually be defined by how engineers typically judged it, rather than how specialist lawyers judge it.

You usually can't hold on to options for longer than three months after you leave a company, right? You'd have had to exercise them.

Depends on the company, but this is the status quo in most. Some startups (including ours) now offer 10 years exercise period, but it's not common.

Right. What I should have said was “should have hung onto the stock that I got from exercising the employee stock options”.

Red Hat does incentivize patent applications, but the purpose has been defensive. The entire process makes that clear as does the licensing.

How long have you been in the industry? As far as I understand, that's a pretty standard pitch, though maybe IBM emphasizes it more.

Do you feel like your company shouldn't make money off the work you do for them? I'm confused by your tone...

Some companies are better then others. I am confused about why you would ask a question that is intellectually equivalent of "... have you stopped beating your wife.." /S

I am familiar with patent reward systems, but only IBM pushed what I call reckless patenting. They explicitly said, in multiple situations, that even if you think that it's a trivial idea you should attempt to patent it as it will probably get through.

The only reason for this is to up their patent arsenal.

> IBM is a pathological company, and definitely not good news for open source.

I guess, if you ignore the part where they're one of the biggest corporate contributors to the Linux kernel.

All software companies do this. They use patents like cold ware nukes: if you sue us over your patents, we'll sue over ours, and nobody wins.

This is simply the inevitable result of western IP law.

Except IBM is really infamous for using and abusing theirs. Check the Sun story recited in https://www.wired.com/2012/11/the-patent-system-works-fine-b...

> "OK," he said, "maybe you don't infringe these seven patents. But we have 10,000 U.S. patents. Do you really want us to go back to Armonk [IBM headquarters in New York] and find seven patents you do infringe? Or do you want to make this easy and just pay us $20 million?"

Unfortunately, that's going to be the situation at virtually every large tech company these days. To their credit, IBM has been a longtime contributor to Linux so if Red Hat was going to be acquired, IBM is far from a worst-case scenario. It just would have been nice if they could have remained a stand-alone company (I know, wishful thinking)

It's not wishful thinking. RedHat could have remained standalone.

Hi there! Fellow IBMer :) sorry to hear about your experience so far, just wanted to chime in and say that you're definitely not alone with this perspective. Patents at IBM are so highly valued that they often act as a blinder towards open source.

However, there are definitely groups inside of IBM that choose to open source their work instead of filing for patents. For example, the team that I'm currently on works on the Carbon Design System [0], which is entirely open source. All the work our team does is out in the open too [1][2], which is great!

I would say that for teams like this, the tendency is to open source software and patent processes that are unique to IBM or a particular domain. That way we can try and contribute back as much useful technology as we can!

Obviously there are others at the company who might have a different perspective, but thankfully we're also trying to spread our own take on alternatives to the traditional processes at IBM.

Hope this info can help make your time at IBM a little bit better!

[0]: https://www.carbondesignsystem.com/ [1]: https://github.com/carbon-design-system [2]: https://github.com/IBM?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=carbon&type=&languag...

I'm in the Linux Technology Centre - we've got an extremely strong open source culture over here.

Maybe you are new to the software industry but at every company I've seen e.g. Apple, Google, Microsoft they strongly encourage you to be filing patents.

And calling it farming is a bit strange considering you're paid by the company to generate the IP in the first place. Plus they typically compensate you extra for it.

IBM pushed what I call reckless patenting. They explicitly said, in multiple situations, that even if you think that it's a trivial idea you should attempt to patent it as it will probably get through. Personally, that sentiment goes against my philosophy. I wouldn't regard the monetary benefit to filing a patent through IBM worth the guilt I would accrue.

Note that I haven't worked for other giant tech conglomerates, but I haven't experienced it in the other medium - large but not ridiculously large companies which I've worked for.

Did they give you some of the spiral bound lab notebooks for recording your inventions? Those were the best damn notebooks... :-)

There cannot be a single Red Hat employee outside of RH's board of directors that thinks this would be a good move for Red Hat.

As a Red Hat employee (opinions my own, not Red Hat's, etc) and though not involved in any discussions like this, I can see some potential for it being a good move. There's a lot of work being done to a) move things from mainframe to distributed and b) help people squeeze the last bits of utility out of their mainframes. That requires knowledge on both sides of the house.

The world is going to open-source distributed systems built on commodity hardware, which Red Hat has done a great job of building a business model around. For old established companies, though, the migration is a lot of work, and there are _definitely_ still plenty of large companies who have purchased/leased mainframes for long periods of time, and would like to modernize, but also can't afford to throw everything away and rebuild from scratch. There's a lot of work being done already between the two companies to run Go, Docker, Kubernetes, etc, on mainframe, and for companies with mainframe resources, being able to get a little more utility out of those sunk costs is very attractive, and something Red Hat's expertise has (and would continue to, presumably) help accomplish.

That being said, I'm pretty surprised at the news, and I'll be watching closely to see how things go.

This is the most positive comment I've seen in this thread. To the extent that the ensuing development effort finds bugs in container orchestration systems, creates new features, creates new abilities to manage services on "hybrid" private-cloud-plus-mainframe systems, helps to modernize old-school businesses that run infrastructure the global economy relies upon... this could actually be a very good thing for open source and future investment therein. Skepticism is healthy and warranted, but this could be a good match.

It's also worth pointing out that Red Hat (and Big Banks) have been desperately trying to train new mainframe operators with limited success due to the shift to distributed, to the extent that they've even been giving money to select colleges specifically to develop mainframe-centric curriculum.

I have some hopes that Red Hat has a strong-enough future value for IBM that we end up redefining IBM rather than the other way round. There are precedents, notably the Apple/NeXT merger. Today's Apple is 95% NeXT and 5% old Apple. Can this happen here? Time will tell.

It's very unlikely, having been through a ton of m/as on a lot of sides.

An an IBM employee, I definitely hope that some of the RH culture rubs off on us, but I also hope that RH retains its own distinctive identity and isn't altered very much by the deal aside from having access to IBM's resources such as the scale of the sales organisation.

RedHat can be replicated. Not cheap, and it will take a few years. What do I mean? Well, IBM will slaughter this goose very quickly. Customers will experience vendor hate to a high degree. But, RH is based on open source. A replacement, open source friendly, can fork RHEL at any time.

Ubuntu looked like it was taking over last time I paid attention. Every new cloud thing touted its pre-configured Ubuntu images, for example. Even Microsoft started with Ubuntu with WSL.

Maybe that's why a still multi-billion dollar company decided to cash out even as Linux seems to be making inroads. People used Red Hat for the same reason they used IBM: it was corporate, understood corporate needs, and knew how to serve them. Now it seems like corporations are offloading IT to AWS and friends with Ubuntu.

Everyone talks about what Canonical did for the desktop while missing what they did for friendly apt-based Linux on the server with SLAs and LTSes and support contracts from a company that speaks corporation.

And if all the paying customers switch to Debian-based distributions...

The writing is on the wall.

Red Hat is a lot more than the distros, isn't it?

Working for a competing company (Pivotal), I can say that yes, Red Hat does more than RHEL.

You'll see a lot of preconfigured CentOS images, not RHEL because of the licensing. Red Hat's recent (and sensible) play has been on-prem Kubernetes with OpenShift.

> Ubuntu looked like it was taking over last time I paid attention.

Ubuntu don't have JBoss or OpenShift, amongst other things. Neither do SuSE, unfortunately.

Ubuntu has its own orchestration toolsets, and I wonder if RHAT only had the upper hand with being the incumbent in the US and buying things like Ansible and OpenShift and CoreOS.

Ubuntu runs Systemd, it's a modern distro - if someone wants to take Openshift core and other components and run it on Ubuntu, it will happen.

A nitpick: OpenShift is a project founded directly by Red Hat.

These days OpenShift is Kubernetes, there is no code left from the Makara acquisition.

RH back in the day made a lot of hay by being the go-to option for enterprises migrating proprietary UNIX workloads to x86+Linux. But I guess that market is mostly saturated by now.

What I worry about is not the fate of RHEL per se, in the end it's just a distro among others. What I worry about, as a huge FOSS fan, is the fate of RH engineering which is certainly one of the biggest individual upstream FOSS contributors on a lot of places in the stack. By comparison, the Canonical engineering team is absolutely puny. If the work that RH does disappears, we're going to see a lot slower progress in the FOSS ecosystem.

Ubuntu has a long way to go before they reach Red Hat levels of quality assurance.

RHEL is just a small piece of the Red Hat puzzle that is sold to enterprises. In some way Red Hat is an exception -- there have been no multi-billion dollar businesses built purely on open source except them. (Or maybe I have missed something.)

Well yeah, there's CentOS, so a company just needs to step up and provide the level of support RHEL customers expect.

I think this is going to be great for SUSE. They already have comparable service and they already have a solid customer base in Europe. If RHEL alienates its customers through a slow death at IBM, SUSE can come in.

I really don't understand this acquisition.

At least they didn't get bought by Oracle. All the important people Sun had left within ~6 months of Oracle buying Sun.

This is great news for Canonical.

Well, fuck. I spent the last couple of years completely revamping my UNIX support group. I got rid of all the weak SAs and used a mix of in person and online vendor training plus internal challenges to elevate everyone's skills. We were able to completely repurpose the "Level 3" UNIX engineering group because all the "Level 2" guys no longer needed to escalate to Level 3 for anything.

Critical to that was buying RedHat Learning Subscription and pushing my top guys through RedHat's Certified Architect program. But I'm skeptical but we'd have the same leverage to obtain similar learning discounts from IBM.

Honestly as my org gets more comfortable with pure open source solutions it may be time to just consider Fedora instead, particularly as our workloads are moving from bare metal to VMs to containers it arguably means less and less where the app is hosted anyway.

In the end it may mean RHEL going the way of Solaris as ever dearer license fees combined with a drop in support quality undermines their value proposition.

But I guess that's a problem for the next guy; my org transformation is done so I took a job doing provisioning using Terraform.

This was to be expected. Red Hat had no future as an independent company. Their flagship product RHEL still dominates their revenue 20 years later... But they have already saturated the enterprise Linux server market, and that market is in decline. All attempts to diversify have failed. Openshift and Ansible have potential, but compared to the decline of their core business, it’s too little too late. The current CEO is a peacetime CEO: he managed a successful business competently in fair wheather, but is not fit to navigate the rough seas ahead. This allows him to leave on a victory (“the largest software acquisition ever!”) and go on a book tour or something. Meanwhile IBM can delude themselves a few more years until they’ve finished milking Red Hat’s products for easy growth. Then they will have to face the reality of their situation: they have no real answer to Big Cloud eating their lunch. For now, though, they can pretend this is it.

Do you think Ubuntu has a future as an independent company?

I don’t understand your question, sorry. Can you explain what you mean?

I think the implication is that Canonical are in the same, shrinking market. Whilst I assume Ubuntu Server has a smaller market share (though I have no figured to back this up), are they not going to end up in the same spot where they can't really progress?

Well, Canonical was never a successful business in the first place. Red Hat on the other hand has revenue in the billions... which is huge! It’s just not growing fast enough to keep up with the competition from cloud providers and others. Canonical hasn’t even graduated to that sort of first-class problem (and I doubt they ever will).

Yup

This is a massive cash expenditure. IBM's biggest bet to be back into the cloud game. Given the amount of cash involved this might be IBM's last card, at least from an M&A perspective, so this deal needs to work.

RedHat is much smaller than IBM, however far better managed with a clear product roadmap, lean sales and customer support. In a good scenario a reverse takeover will take place and RedHat management will take control and lead new IBM to a better future, however this is very unlikely.

IMO: This is great for RedHat shareholders, terrible for the new IBM co...

There are strong rumors that IBM will be selling/spinning off its services group so perhaps that’s the funding justification?

If this kind of a split were happening it would be more accurate to describe it as the services group spinning off its product department.

That's an interesting thought, though Red Hat has a significant services group too, so they'd still have one afterward.

I'm a fan of Red Hat. I am a Red Hat Certified Engineer and contemplating working towards the architect certification. When I heard they aquired the company behind Ansible a few years ago I was excited.

If this deal goes through I'll be super disappointed.

At a former employer, we were heavily invested in Purify, Quantify et al. When taken over by IBM, the license management cost at our side increased an order of magnitude -- not for the products per se but by the administration of the licenses.

Even though we loved the products, we found it was increasingly not worth it. 'Killed by license management', has a nice ring to it :)

Thanks to CoreOS and all the other teams under RedHat who have done amazing work up until now. To be fair I've used (and enjoyed/been impressed by) your software for free so obviously I'm not owed anything but I'm gonna be looking for alternatives.

I'm suuuuuuuuuper glad I jumped off of CoreOS Container Linux earlier after the acquisition by RedHat and subsequent bundling into Project Atomic. I avoided OpenShift all together for other reasons, mostly complexity. Now I can watch from a relatively relaxed standpoint and start figuring out how to make sure no IBM sneaks into my stack, if they start tanking products. As others have noted, this is more than RHEL. Keep in mind:

- Ansible is GPLv3

- CephFS is GPLv2 w/ some mix of BSD and others

I assume licenses will serve as a canary for when things start shifting. I might even be so bold as to predict some variation of the LICENSE + PATENTS.md clause.

Red Hat does not have CLAs, not does it own all the copyright, on either Ansible or Ceph. It cannot change their licenses unilaterally, that can only happen with permissive (non-copyleft) terms.

Yes, this is true right now, but does not mean it will be true in the future -- I meant to imply that Ansible was the safest, due to it's GPLv3 licensing (from what I understand GPLv2 is more permissive).

My second point was that I expect those terms to change depending on how IBM moves forward, and movement on that front (from the current state of things) should act as a canary.

_Anything_ that does not have a CLA and is copyleft is safe. That's pretty much the definition of copyleft; IBM cannot do anything about it, and they know.

Hoping this is false! IBM is the worst of acquirers and they treat their people like utter garbage, especially the more experienced ones.

If there's any truth to this, it means those in charge have basically given up - assuming growth is capped and/or that the big return of a buyout premium would counter recent stock pricing setbacks.

(Update: now officially announced!)

"those in charge have basically given up"

Yes but which company's leadership has given up? If this is the ordinary acquisition model, where the buying company (IBM) leadership stays in charge, then I say it's Red Hat's leadership that's given up. If it's the 'buy a company to get an entirely new leadership team' then it means those in charge of IBM might actually understand their dire situation. But I have no idea if they have that awareness.

Unless the leadership happens to hold quite a lot of shares, their stance isn’t going to matter too much.

Your don't buy/hire a leadership team to tell them what to do (unless you happen to like to waste time and money).

This happened at Apple (NeXT took over). Somehow with Disney/Pixar too if I'm not mistaken.

No, but you can certainly buy a brand, a customer base, a bunch of product trademarks or even a patent portfolio.

What happened with Apple and NeXT is the exception, not the rule.

My last startup, blekko, was acquired by IBM in 2015. They treated our people well; many of them still work there.

It takes 6 months to be acquired by IBM, so I don't think recent stock market gyrations have anything to do with it.

My perception is that IBM (and HP, Oracle, etc) will buy a product company, and then IBM-ify it, and then just sit on that product for years with minimal improvements.

That is my fear for Red Hat. Successful product companies are hungry - IBM is not.

They call it bluewashing.

Also, this might be just IBM buying out its competition.. like oracle and all the others do most of the time.

Now official! It's at $190/share vs Friday's $116.68 close

https://www.redhat.com

https://www.redhat.com/en/about/press-releases/ibm-acquire-r...

"- IBM to maintain Red Hat’s open source innovation legacy, scaling its vast technology portfolio and empowering its widespread developer community

- Red Hat to operate as a distinct unit within IBM’s Hybrid Cloud team"

Do truth-in-advertising laws apply if IBM were to change course from a stated goal?

No. They can do whatever they want.

Well no, but no law needed here. You see, this is part of the deal with Jim Whitehurst and rest of Red Hat management, otherwise, Jim would not pitch this to shareholders as a good deal. It would be a hostile takeover, which can fail, or lead at the end of IBM buying just a shell of the company.

So to back up their intentions, IBM probably had to give golden parachutes to Jim, Paul, and rest of Red Hat top execs, and probably huge golden parachutes ones at that. Jim is becoming part of IBM uper management and keeps leading the Red Hat business unit. If Gini starts some crazy moves to endanger Red Hat's well being as an entity inside IBM (as in IBM-fying the company), she will get at odds with Jim and RH upper management. So she can fire them all and pay up bilions in golden parachutes, at which point they will probably found a Green Hat company and hire away all Red Hat employees... or Gini can keep her word in the deal and leave Red Hat a separate business unit within IBM, one that grows revenues and profits, unlike most IBM business units. And IBM is a meritocracy, if Red Hat continues good performance, expect Red Hat execs taking top position, including next CEO role. In other words, I expect IBM to be Redhatized, and not other way around.

Only if you bought something from from them based on those promises.

Be sure to collect & notarize proof.

No. Once the deal closes they can do whatever they like.

>Red Hat to operate as a distinct unit within IBM’s Hybrid Cloud team

I read this as "everything aside from the cloud stuff will be gutted"?

52 week high is $177.

I've really got to wonder at the people who would stay at a company that treated them like utter garbage ... especially if they're experienced ... and especially in this job market.

Red Hat tends to employ people through offices in low/moderate COL areas or as fully remote. It would have been my #1 prospect after leaving the Bay Area. People who've already established lives in places like Raleigh may not find a comparable job so easily.

as fully remote

Didn’t IBM have a massive crackdown on remote working recently? https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/02/09/ibm_workfromhome_cu...

> People who've already established lives in places like Raleigh may not find a comparable job so easily.

Gonna have to disagree here. Raleigh is not a tech backwater. There’s plenty of comparable work to be found in the area.

What are some examples?

I think NetApp is in Raleigh, Dell too.

Fidelity, Apple, a handful of interesting startup hubs, Microsoft, Bronto, off the top of my head.

Red Hat has a significant remote workforce. IBM famously fired theirs. Can we expect IBM to do the same to Red Hat's?

They didn't fire theirs - they ordered them to move to an arbitrary office, most commonly not the closest geographically either, without relocation money. If you didn't move, it was considered a voluntary departure. There was often no room at these offices even for the minority who accepted the moves.

It was/is a deliberate attempt to dispose of senior, less portable people without having to pay layoff charges.

Who needs fusion power when you can run off the Watsons spinning in their graves at relativistic velocity?

Holy bleep, have any good references for this?

ProPublica did an incredible investigation into this:

https://features.propublica.org/ibm/ibm-age-discrimination-a...

https://www.propublica.org/article/investigating-ibm-digital...

The second link, which details how the reporting for the story happened, explains how older workers were often given 90 days to move thousands of miles to "an office" or else lose their jobs.

-- The results are stunning and should shock and scare all of us, whether we're in our 20s, 30s, or beyond. Because we all age -- this is a fact. And if the IBMs of the world can get off scott free, other companies may do this too.

Yes. It will take some time but I'd take an exit package and find a new job.

Nice spearfishing from [0]Mozilla:

"Hey @RedHat employees - if working for @IBM isn't your idea of a good time, Mozilla has a bunch of interesting roles we're actively hiring for: https://careers.mozilla.org/listings/?team=Engineering"

[0] https://twitter.com/mike_conley/status/1056693061038825472?s...

Actually Red Hat is exactly like IBM. Huge and slow.

I know the contribution to FOSS from Red Hat is great and all, but their product, RHEL, was a cancer for a modern software development.

Just easier to maintain for sysadmins doesn't make enough excuse for really long release cycle and the worst of all is they keep supporting the old products.

The result is a nightmare development environment for all the programmers who has to workaround the old bugs that was fixed years ago in the upstream but not fixed in the RHEL packages, but they have to use the RHEL packaged software for stupid sysadmin reasons.

What's the alternative? All of the places I've worked that used Red Hat never explicitly looked at the Red Hat support timeline. They looked at their business, the software they used, the features they needed, and based their upgrade cycles around that. They'd only upgrade the major versions of their primary software when a project would benefit and skipped major updates that were problematic. At my current job they're only now upgrading from a 2016 piece of software to 2018, they're also straddling Cent 6.7 and Cent 7.2 and only making moderate progress.

Usually the reason for updating the OS is because new software doesn't run, there's a major feature needed, or supporting the old OS is too much trouble.

But it's not like it's any different on the Windows side. XP stuck around forever. At my previous job they had Win7 on workstations with little to no intention of updating to Win10. On the server side it was all over the place including Windows Server 2003.

Ubuntu seems like a good replacement. We use it, and I greatly appreciate that the compiler is not stuck on barely getting C++11 support.

The problem isn't that RedHat's release cycle was too long, it's that companies want support for 5 year release cycles. Most places I've been don't even look at testing a major version of a new OS for at least year. There are just too many variables between hardware, drivers, and software and little to no benefit in staying bleeding edge.

Let's say there was a new feature. It might be an improvement in almost every regard, but how it behaves at the limits or when left unattended might not play well with every other piece in the system. Part of it might be changing user/business expectations, or changing the pieces around, but that can literally take years.

A few wrinkles I've heard about, but haven't directly dealt with is that RHEL7/systemd is too polite about unmounting disks on shutdown which means it will just hang. This is a huge problem for remote workstations that don't have IPMI. Another issue I've heard about is issues with a bunch of our diskless servers don't play well with it. Having to migrate and troubleshoot core issues like these every 2 years is just unfeasible.

As you point out, just working at a place where everything is 10 years old is frustrating, too. Last week I was trying to build VLC, which requires C++11 and had issues. At previous jobs I pushed really hard for a new enough kernel to evaluate Docker and have spent a lot of time selling people on Git.

I suggest the latest Debian stable or Ubuntu LTS.

Debian stable keep the history of roughly 2 years release cycles. Ubuntu LTS is set to follow strict 2 years release cycle.

"stupid sysadmin reasons" Yeah, who needs stability and consistency? It far more important to be able to jump upon the latest whizz, bang, wheeeeee!

By using the obsolete software versions, it cause instability and inconsistency and a lot of effort will be wasted to workaround the issue rather than solving the real problem.

You’re fundamentally wrong here. Red Hat providing a long-term and stable operating system and software target provides stability to users of RHEL. Upgrading your operating system, system libraries and toolchain are valuable changes, and should be done periodically, but these changes, like any other, introduce instability across the change. Those risks can be mitigated, but they are risks nonetheless.

by "cancer" do you mean its not shiny and new?

Yes, RHEL6.x is a pain but that's because its old. For what ever reason AWS decided to standardise on that and not 7.x.

The crucial part is this: it works, and when it doesn't, there is a boat load of documentation on why and how to fix it.

Totally agree. RHEL's support windows are FAR too long and result in more problems than they solve. Large businesses wait till the last minute to upgrade then realize that working through a minimum of 5 years (often 10) of changes is extremely hard. This means that you often run unsupported while everyone scrambles to fix all the changes introduced by the upgrade. Cannonical's 5 year support window is much more sensible.

For individuals and small businesses, sure it makes no sense. But large enterprise customers will pay a lot of money for support windows that are far too long. That's why Red Hat (and every other large company) offers them. Even when the publicly available support ends, they still often have hangers-on who will pay even more money to get a few more years support out of them.

Having been a linux user for 20 years now, I'm not worried.

Mostly because in the OS market there is enough competition that didn't exist back in the 1990's when RedHat was founded around the Linux kernel. And we continue to have valid choices in the Linux market.

And as we move forward into Kubernetes, we're looking at lightweight OS's to host a single purpose microservice. Most companies don't really need the full features that a full-service Linux OS offers anymore.

Another example of this trend is the declining use of Sendmail and it's alternatives. There are much better ways of handling email now than using Sendmail. Yes, it too was popular in the 1990's, and while people still use it, it's more likely for startups to use something like gmail for employee email, because it's just painless.

ofc you realise that one of the major contributors to the Kubernetes ecosystem is Redhat.

So IBM now control key elements of k8s setups like etcd (a CoreOS project, ergo a Redhat Project, ergo an IBM project)

At the same time, K8S team has been rapidly standardizing everything and turning it into a very modular system. etcd is pretty much a "done" project, but if it ever goes bad, it can easily be replaced.

If IBM ever takes etcd in a direction that k8s does not like, the k8s fork of etcd will be the one that's relevant going forward.

> Mostly because in the OS market there is enough competition that didn't exist back in the 1990's when RedHat was founded around the Linux kernel.

I'd disagree; the 90s had a lot more OS diversity in the for-profit sector than we see today.

Agreed. There has been a massive amount of tech consolidation happening lately. I assume as a result of all that overseas cash that got repatriated with the tax changes.

Red hat has been owned by corporate execs, it's not owned by developers. Made 2.9 billion in 2017. Once that kind of money flows the big offers come from the oligarchs. There is no integrity in corporate business. If they get a big offer, they're going to sell. IBM in a proper world of business shouldn't exist, but patents keep them alive. We will need a new replacement to red hat, but I'm afraid the hyper reliance and patenting IBM will enforce will make this impossible.

Am I the only one cautiously optimistic about this merger? RH has dominated Linux development for too long anyway, pushing systemd, namespaces, procfs and other crap, and making RHEL an overcomplicated jack-of-all-trades O/S which would only run with the specific gcc, glibc, and RH-specific kernel patches and build tools anyway (which is kind of the point of RHEL, and of IBM as well - PTF466735 anyone?). RH now being IBM will make people turn to Debian and derivatives such as Ubuntu and Devuan. The press release on redhat.com talks almost exclusively about "the cloud", but "the cloud" is, and always has been, antithetical to Unix (Unix being about site autonomy and simple tools working together). Why would indie devs and idealists want to contribute their efforts to enslaving people in "the cloud" anyway? "Cloud" stuff is also at odds with user freedom, and only seeks to make software runnable over shitty web frontends for undue profit and privacy invasion, when F/OSS software has been out there in abundance for over a decade. I hope we'll also see some love for the BSDs, and a renewed shared understanding that only POSIX and other standards guarantee long-term autonomy to both individuals and corporations alike.

Your post is mixing arguments with idealism and very specific angles, e.g. on what the cloud is and how it works.

I'm pretty sure RH means something completely different when they talk cloud.

Most of all, I think your post comes down to "RH is bad, systemd is bad, [...] it should die anyway".

> "the cloud" is, and always has been, antithetical to Unix (Unix being about site autonomy and simple tools working together)

Does the physical hardware being on the actual premises or not really have anything to do with "site autonomy" or the granularity of the toolchains?

In fact, can you even buy any viable physical hardware to run on your site that's not already a virtualised "cloud" with the real host OS firmly in the control of your corporate overlords, e.g. Intel ME and AMD PSP?

I'm going to go against the grain here and say that the cloud is not simply 'server hosting' because, if that was the case we'd still be calling them VPS'.

"The cloud" is a set of APIs for provisioning but also a bunch of managed services that surround your instances, pub/sub, DNS, load balancers, managed SQL. All of this is almost designed to be a vendor lock-in.

However, disregarding the vendor lock-in: How does my OS integrating with AWS's APIs help my on-prem services?

> "The cloud" is a set of APIs for provisioning but also a bunch of managed services that surround your instances, pub/sub, DNS, load balancers, managed SQL. All of this is almost designed to be a vendor lock-in.

A lot of it is, but I strongly disagree that all of it is. Many of these are perfectly interchangeable with the exact same software (FOSS DBMS, web server, load balancer, etc.) running on a competitor's managed service, VPS or on your own premises. As for the services that aren't, I do think the IT architects and managers who agree to use them are absolutely crazy and ought to be fired. If all of them are fired, cloud providers would be forced to provide interoperable provisioning APIs and services or perish.

> However, disregarding the vendor lock-in: How does my OS integrating with AWS's APIs help my on-prem services?

I suppose it doesn't, but why should it? If you think they bloat up your local installation, maybe you can just not install the kernel modules/daemons/libraries in question.

RedHat does a great job of being a trusted advisor for companies. Their people are often embedded at customers and are the first stop to ask for advise on anything related to Linux.

Recently RedHat was transitioning from selling the VM based RHEL to the cloud native OpenShift. They used the relationship they had with customers already using RHEL to 'up-sell' them to OpenShift.

IBM already had a SaaS offering for Kubernetes in https://www.ibm.com/cloud/container-service and RedHat adds a strong self-managed offering for Kubernetes in the form of OpenShift.

IBMs revenue comes from consulting but a lot of their profit comes from software https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-split-between-IT-and-consu... They are also a trusted advisor and are great at closing large and complex purchases. This move will allow IBM to sell more software products and therefore increase their margins.

I have a lot of respect for RedHats policy to open source all the software they sell. I expect that policy to continue.

> Second quarter total revenue of $823 million, up 14% year-over-year, or 14% in constant currency

ARR around $3.3 billion. I think they have sold the company very cheap.

Source - https://www.redhat.com/en/about/press-releases/red-hat-repor...

I wouldn't have sold also, but IBM paid an 80% premium. Not exactly cheap.

I admire Red Hat as a company for their principled and uncompromising stance on open source. I contribute to many Red Hat open source projects and even promote their products, because they share my values. Their success directly contributes to the open source ecosystem in many ways, and they have a history of doing the right thing (tm).

I'm not sure how I feel about doing the same thing for IBM.

This is either very good news, or very bad. If Red Hat can truly remain independent and preserve their culture and values, they can achieve a lot more with IBM's money, and hopefully change IBM for the better.

If the culture changes for the worse, it's the end. Many, many people work at Red Hat because of the culture, not the pay (which is average), not to mention community contributors. This is particularly true for their top-tier engineers.

Red Hat's leadership is acutely aware of this, so I'm optimistic.

I can only imagine the discussions going on on their internal mailing lists. Friends of mine who are RH employees have fun stories to tell about epic discussions about much more inconsequential decisions :-)

I grieve the most that this will really weaken the argument for commercial free software. We could always say, look at Red Hat, they don't sell a drop of non-free software. It's possible to be free and commercial!

I doubt Red Hat will continue to operate this way, especially if they are receiving money from IBM's other ventures. I hope there's room for another Red Hat in this world.

Red Hat used to sell non-free software using the freemium model with Redhat Enterprise. Is that no longer the case?

No, RHEL isn't freemium. They sold you access to the source code. You also have the right to redistribute RHEL, which is how CentOS happened.

I understand they did threaten to terminate support if you redistributed, but they couldn't stop you from doing so if you so chose.

They also require a support contract to view their bug tracker.

Redhat website confirmed it. https://www.redhat.com/en

Editors: This really should be the top link. Additionally, there's more detail in the email sent to RedHat employees, published here:

https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/red-hat-ibm-creating-leading-...

Edit: Notably, from Jim Whitehurst's email:

> ... When the transaction closes, as I noted above, [Red Hat] will be a distinct unit within IBM and I will report directly to [IBM chair, president, and CEO] Ginni [Rometty].

That URL looks like the best one so far, so we'll use it. Thanks!

Assuming RedHat was in a 'sell or die' situation[1] I'm glad it was IBM that stepped in rather than Oracle.

[1] I have no reason to believe that it was a dire situation at RedHat, I make the observation that companies that are meeting their goals and doing what they want, don't generally get acquired just because.

If it was a sell-or-die situation IBM wouldn't have offered such a hefty markup over the market price and they would have used less cash and more shares to pay for it.

I think it's been obvious to everyone for a year or two that someone was going to buy Red Hat; I feel that no small part of their share price rising over the last 18 months has priced in that expectation.

Like everyone else I am mostly pleased that they didn't get bought by Oracle.

Disclosure: I work for a competing company, Pivotal, so feel free to treat my observations as motivated by ... I dunno, actually. I'm looking for a cool French word here but "ennui" isn't quite fitting.

I use Fedora Linux on my laptop. What does this mean for the Fedora Project? Any thoughts on an alternate OS with a lesser memory footprint than Fedora? It takes about 1 GB to boot up Fedora 27 now.

And what's the future for CentOS?

Not sure it is time to run yet, but I enjoy using Ubuntu Mate. Xubuntu is a low mem choice as well.

As for alternate Linux distributions, I don't know how similar you want to stay to Fedora, but my current setup would surely conform to your stated requirements: Arch linux, with i3 as window manager. I use st as my terminal emulator. All together, the memory footprint is minimal, and it makes my not-all-that-low laptop specs shine far more than a heavier distribution would have.

If you want something similar to Fedora, dunno. I believe the desktop interface is a big part of the memory usage of most distributions, so unless I'm mistaken in that, wanting low memory usage as well as a nice interface is going to be difficult.

I also use this, and memory footprint is ~100MiB, mostly on the Xorg side. i3 itself + various other components is ~20MiB total.

Have you tried sway instead of i3? Any reason you've stuck to i3 with X11 instead or just no reason to change?

No reason to change. Though I might try it on one of my Orange Pi's one day. Does sway support OpenGL ES 2.0?

EDIT: Actually I probably use a few things that would need to be modified to work, like screencast recording via some custom gst-launch command, that depend on X in a non-trivial way.

> Any thoughts on an alternate OS

Ubuntu, Debian, Arch? (Or Endless if you want something OSTree/Flatpak-based like Fedora Silverblue.)

> with a lesser memory footprint than Fedora?

Anything not GNOME? Not being (too) snarky — GNOME uses a lot of memory, although I've read they're making some progress recently. Even KDE these days is pretty low in memory usage by default.

KDE's memory footprint on boot decreased to 400MB or less.

Yeah, Silverblue is just starting to be really nice. :/

If you think IBM are going to keep Red Hat's commitments to Fedora or CentOS going you are in for a rude surprise.

NixOS maybe? Don't know about memory footprint, but as a fellow fedora laptop user, I find this distro the most appealing to switch to (arch being the other option, but too high maintenance for my taste).

NixOS is interesting but certainly not the easiest migration, it's a very different way of administering your system. That said, this might be what I chose to do now.

https://getsol.us/download/ Long time arch user. Now using Solus for the last 9 months and I love it.

Why not consider Open or NetBSD? They can make nice desktops, and OpenBSD is very friendly on laptops. And they are lighter than Fedora and perform much better. And, they use a maximally free license, but this is simply my preference. You may feel different.

I wouldn’t say that OpenBSD is friendly on laptops, especially on laptops made in the past five years or so.

I've always been told that ThinkPad should work, even relatively modern ones. Is that not true?

Good news for Canonical/Ubuntu I guess? I wonder how Linux distro popularity will plot out in next few months.

Now I wonder who will buy Canonical. If/when Shuttleworth will be tired of running it I assume it also will happen. Maybe Microsoft to continue their open-source hat-trick.

If this happens, I see older engineers targeted by IBM as they have done over the for "cost savings" as part of the acquisition.

RIP Red Hat Linux.

Can't think of any company I'd want less to be a steward of CentOS upstream.

Looks like Ubuntu is about to get much more serious consideration for production workloads.

> Can't think of any company I'd want less to be a steward of CentOS upstream

Oracle

> Oracle

Fair point.

First Microsoft buying GitHub and now IBM buying Red Hat.

I wonder how the next year will be for Linux and open source in general, looks like we are going to have a lot of drama.

Remember when NeXT bought Apple with Apple's money? If there's meaningful Red Hat leadership being put at the helm at IBM as part of the deal, it might not be hideous news. But if it's the usual acquisition, well I cannot imagine more incompatible cultures than IBM and Red Hat, integration seems very unlikely.

Hoping they will stick to this:

"IBM to maintain Red Hat’s open source innovation legacy, scaling its vast technology portfolio and empowering its widespread developer community Red Hat to operate as a distinct unit within IBM’s Hybrid Cloud team"

I guess this was an important part of the deal, otherwise it wouldn't make much sense.

“Y buys X for it to operate distinctly within Y.” usually doesn’t mean much. It doesn’t imply independence.

R.I.P. Red Hat.

There is a saying in the enterprise software business.

You are a Walmart or becoming one. There is no middle ground.

The enterprise executives do not have the luxury of time or risk appetite to keep doing multi-dollars deals and review MSAs.

In that respective, IBM just extended their life by another 10-15 years. It is a brilliant move by IBM.

No serious enterprise uses an operating system or any piece of enterprise software without costly support and maintenance.

Once they are in, the support and maintenance agreements disappear only if the purchaser goes out of business.

Many comments mistaken redhat as an OS company? They are not. IBM did not buy redhat to get RHEL.

They bought it for the hybrid cloud as clearly stated.

Redhat has openstack platform, cloud formation/manage iq, openshift, ansible, ceph, glusterfs, codeenvy (behind eclipse che),... Etc

I am worried about the future of the numerous Open Source projects. I mean, why did they sell RedHat? The bet on OpenShift does not seem to pay off then. I always saw RedHat as the "enterprisy" OSS company that helps moving all these Java monoliths to the cloud. Even more problematic is the influence this aquisition has on the landscape of OSS in the cloud space, especially since CoreOS, RHEL and CentOS are now run by IBM.

Wow this would be a very expensive purchase for IBM , redhat is currently worth about 20% of IBM's market cap

IBM has been very open source friendly over the last 20 years, more so as of recently.

Many companies are OSS friendly, but I think being OSS friendly is different than building your whole organization on OSS. RH does the latter, many-many companies are the former.

Show me a single core product IBM have open sourced.

Their J9 JDK alongside with WebSphere AS.

WAS is not open source.

I wouldn't use it even it if were open source or public domain!

WAS Liberty profile is still WAS, and is (mostly) open sourced as OpenLiberty.

Went they the primary driver of eclipse?

Eclipse

Eclipse is hardly a core IBM product.

It depends on what you mean by “core product”. Eclipse or parts of Eclipse are used in a TON of IBM products.

I'm sure that you can draw a line where it does not count as "core product", but Eclipse has to count as something.

The motivation behind Eclipse/JWT was similar to the French supporting American rebels in the late 18th century. It had nothing to do with what they stood for and everything to do with being able to poke a stick in the eye of their most hated enemy (Sun and Great Britain, respectively). Hell, the name and logo even tells you what they're trying to do.

You are a bit unkind to the French: ideological affinity between American and French revolutionaires clearly went beyond their hatred for a common enemy, as proven by the overall shape of resulting Constitutions.

I do agree on the aims of the Eclipse project though.

It was he French monarchy that helped the Americans, so there really was no ideological affinity.

The revolution in France wasnt until several years after the US war against the British was over.

The French monarchy had to be dragged into the war, it was public opinion that, swayed by public campaigns from leading American figures, pushed for intervention: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_in_the_American_Revolut...

Much of that same public opinion would then go on to power the French revolution a few years later. Lafayette famously wrote the "Déclaration des droits de l'homme" with Thomas Jefferson's help. Both revolutions had common ideological grounds - Enlightenment and democracy.

Eclipse is horribly bloated. Many, many developers have moved to IntelliJ IDEA.

So have I, but I haven't forgotten how much of a godsend it used to be. I do occasionally wonder if eclipse was actually better then or if it has just stagnated while the rest of the world marched on.

There was an era when IBM's "core products" were hardware. I think today their "core product" is consulting.

Open source hardware exists but is rare. I don't know what it means to open source consulting?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JFS_(file_system)

https://openpowerfoundation.org/

What has OpenPOWER actually open sourced? Seems to be more a quid-pro-quo between IBM and its select partners.

That's what I get for reading "open".

https://github.com/OpenPOWERFoundation and https://github.com/open-power

OpenPower has the entire firmware Apache licensed, see the link. that's WAY more than any Intel/AMD CPU. Even all the secure-boot stuff is open(Apache Licensed).

Joining the OpenPower Foundation is free for < 300 employee companies, academics and individuals. see the membership kit: https://openpowerfoundation.org/membership/how-to-join/

Joining the foundation gets you the chip blueprints, etc.

For hardware it's like leaps and bounds more open than anything else out there that can compete with it. Could they open up more, of course, but for hardware, it's pretty amazingly open.

Thanks.

To some degree they have opened the Power9, which is hardware. For hardware it's like leaps and bounds more open than anything else out there that can compete with it.

RISC-V is more open, but the hardware isn't necessarily open, and it's not yet really competing at the same scale as Power9 does... yet. There is hope :)

Where's the source to Power 9 then?

https://github.com/OpenPOWERFoundation and https://github.com/open-power

This is not the entire source, but if you join the foundation you get the chip blueprints, etc.

But the entire BIOS is open. that's huge.

I mean, following that logic x86 is open because Coreboot exists. Or all of ARM and MIPS is open because YABOOT and U-BOOT are opensource.

You can get the HDL for both those archs if you join the right orgs too. No, open source means more than having 'open' in your pproject name.

Coreboot requires Intel/AMB blobs, you can disable most of the ME, but it's still binary-blobbed to hell. Also none of that is done by Intel/AMD.

OpenPower has the entire firmware Apache licensed, see the link I gave. that's WAY more than any Intel/AMD CPU. Even all the secure-boot stuff is open(Apache Licensed).

Joining the OpenPower Foundation is free for < 300 employee companies, academics and individuals. see the membership kit: https://openpowerfoundation.org/membership/how-to-join/

If you had read any of the links I gave you would have seen all of this for yourself. I provided proof. Please provide proof of your claims :)

Is it perfect, of course not. I never claimed it was, but it's WAY more open than anything else out there, except perhaps RISC-V.. except I don't believe any of the hardware for RISC-V is open at all, and none of the hardware that I'm aware of is yet able to compete with x86.. YET.

Their open power initiative is really no more "open source" than say Intel's processors, with the possible exception of Management Engine shenanigans from Intel.

https://github.com/OpenPOWERFoundation and https://github.com/open-power

It's a lot more open than Intel's. You can get the hardware chip blueprints if you join the foundation.

But the firmware is all Apache 2 licensed.

OpenBMC is worked on by the OzLabs group (which is the core of some of their mainframe BMCs), as well as lots of work around POWER9 and s390. Don't get me wrong, they are a proprietary shop at the end of the day, but they do an incredible amount of free software work.

They have many (you might argue some are somewhat autist but there are): https://developer.ibm.com/code/open/projects/

And they also do several contributions, e.g. openstack, linux kernel

I would agree that IBM is not pop enough and that their motivation is usually not based on ideals or a social contract.

EDIT: I forgot IBM Blockchain, which you might think it is not "core" just because the company is still divided between areas like services, consulting and hardware...

https://github.com/IBM-Blockchain

Does IBM have any core products?

The problem (as an ex-IBMer) is that that friendlyness is only in parts of the company; much of IBM is open-source hostile.

As a result of this news, though, wouldn't you be inclined to suspect that the hostile faction just took a massive blow?

"IBM further says, "Upon closing of the acquisition, Red Hat will join IBM's Hybrid Cloud team as a distinct unit, preserving the independence and neutrality of Red Hat's open source development heritage and commitment, current product portfolio and go-to-market strategy, and unique development culture. Red Hat will continue to be led by Jim Whitehurst and Red Hat's current management team. Jim Whitehurst also will join IBM's senior management team and report to Ginni Rometty. IBM intends to maintain Red Hat's headquarters, facilities, brands and practices.""

Give it a year or two..

In other words, RH is too big to merge quickly. When it's all said and done (in at most 3 years), expect a new post talking about "increased synergy" where RH will go through major a reorg to be merged into the borg.

This is all very sad.

(Don't want to use my regular id for this)

We were transitioning from an old IBM app stack to a Red Hat stack. I was spending a lot of time trying to make this happen.

This news makes me want to laugh and cry at the same time - it is so ironic.

The only remaining question to know is how many layers of shit, unnecessary complexity will IBM add on top of the preexisting shit, unneccesary layers already added by Red Hat on their products.

simple software that’s easy to use is anathema to companies like red hat. to the extent you can keep software simple, you won’t need red hat, pivotal, etc. these support companies have every incentive to make you dependent on them. think about that next time you reach for one of the technologies they peddle.

Wow, if this is true, my condolences. I was a former IBMer and Red Hat folks, your world is about to be turned upside down.

This is terrible news. I hope its not true.

IBM like Redhat is a long time contributor and both are commercial companies driven by profits and shareholders so this does not change things.

However no one can deny Redhat has a disproportional influence in pushing its interests that may not always be in the community's best interests. These now move to IBM.

The bigger problem is the growing tilt of open source towards corporate interests so much so that dependence on individual companies passes without notice or scrutiny.

This is perhaps not the end result that motivated the initial community of open source contributors over the last 20 years and if we do not find ways to motivate the next generation open source will likely become a shell of itself, propped up by paid contributors and self interest.

The real story here is that cloud is killing them both.

Where do you see any of that represented in Red Hat's business performance? Their growth has been strong the last five years and shows no sign of high stress or decline being imminent. They're tracking to solidly double their sales over four years from the end of fiscal 2015.

you should read the latest earnings statements, growth was declined and a huge miss of estimates

hence the IBM merge, Redhat probably felt they couldn't do it anymore on their own

I think when you figure out why Amazon is currently losing to Microsoft you will also understand why Red Hat, just like Docker, was completely crushed by Google, and why IBM, despite trying super hard, wasn't even a player until now.

Talking about procrastination I see a big problem for us user of FOSS desktop: RH need to be on GNU/Linux desktop just to play a SUN-like role. IBM have no need for that.

So after Ubuntu ditch desktop and actual "Gnome disaster" I think things will go even worse, leaving us with no more generic GNU/Linux desktop for end-users, pushing us again on a small tech/geek niche, witch in turn push end-users, many "power users" included, to the cloud-mobile world so delete the last bastion of digital freedom we have. On desktop we have our system, we control our files, we decide when and how to upgrade, what to install or uninstall. On mobile vendor choose for us and we are powerless.

For those of us running Red Hat or Fedora on IBM POWER, though (I run Fedora 28 on a Talos II), this is probably a good sign of future commitment. Hopefully they don't screw up Fedora maintaining the enterprise side.

Out of curiosity what sort of workloads are you running on a Talos II?

Just using it as a big workstation. Firefox, Krita, LibreOffice. The software has improved to the point where it can realistically be a daily driver (that can also compile Firefox at -j24 on this octocore SMT-4 machine in about a half hour).

Interesting. I wouldn’t have expected those tasks to require an expensive machine though?

A big loser here is Microsoft. IBM has basically just purchased Linux at the time when Microsoft has finally embraced it.

Nah, they'll end up picking up Canonical. I'm guessing this acquisition was preemptive.

Every aquisition I've been a part of immediately resulted in a massive brain drain as everyone who made the aquired company great jumps ship. I wonder if Redhat's competitors are licking their chops.

This affects on so many open source projects in addition to RHEL. ANSIBLE, Ceph, OpenShift, Linux kernel, JBoss as well as everything Red Hat acquired from CoreOS.

I hope CoreOS succeeds regardless. It has built a very nice ecosystem around it.

Honestly? I think IBM isn’t as relevant as they’d like to be, so they’re buying a Nike. They haven’t thought about the details, or worked out the long term. It could still go either way, but RH will chamge some over time. The real problem will probably be the perception, largely thanks to Oracle and it’s behavior with Sun. Does make you wonder if open source is a sustainable business model in the ultra-long-term.

I haven't made it through all of the comments on this thread yet but, in case it hasn't been mentioned, HN'ers who are using AWS may be interested in knowing that, Amazon Linux (i.e., the official Amazon Linux AMIs) also appears to mostly be a clone of RHEL.

I can't be certain as I've just barely played with it but, from first appearances, it sure seemed very similar to RHEL and CentOS!

I don't know if AWS is starting with RHEL and rebuilding everything from source and "re-branding" it like CentOS does or if they're starting with CentOS and then rebuilding and rebranding that -- or perhaps I'm completely incorrect and they aren't doing anything of the sort -- but any future changes or decisions (by IBM/Red Hat) that impact the development or future existence of CentOS could very well affect the future of Amazon Linux as well.

That's certainly something to think about if you use the Amazon Linux distribution, just like I -- and, I imagine, a ton of other CentOS users -- am wondering right now about the future of CentOS.

The good thing is that IBM is old and slow and any decisions that might affect the future existence of CentOS will likely take a few years to actually be realized. By that I mean that I don't think we'll see 7.x affected by this acquisition -- or probably even the first couple of point releases of CentOS 8 -- but, at this point, it's anybody's guess whether 8 will live out its normal/expected lifetime and still be around 10 years after release.

As a side note, recently I've been thinking that an announcement of the release of 8.0 should be arriving any day now. I'm kinda curious if this acquisition has affected (delayed) the release of 8.0 in any way.

> release of 8.0

"beta of 8.0" is what I meant.

Good thing we're using CoreOS instead of Red Hat.

/me looks at the CoreOS article on Wikipedia

Fuck.

relevant line:

> The CoreOS corporation was purchased by Red Hat in January 2018 for a purchase price of $250 million.[71]

$50 says someone like Microsoft or Google responds to this by buying Canonical.

You could make a hell of a lot more than fifty bucks on that prediction.

Why would either of them need them?

At this point, Microsoft might as well do its own Debian-based distro. What would they need from Canonical, really? Experienced people? I suspect it'd be much cheaper to pull a Hejlsberg with them.

> What would they need from Canonical, really?

Staff, existing customer relationships and credibility.

Microsoft likely. I think Google is too smart to actually buy Canonical, considering that it is an antiquated distro overall.

Has Richard Stallman responded yet? I'd be interested to see if any of the legends of Linux have commented and what they have to say.

RMS is usually eminently practical and pragmatic. Since this has not caused any practical change yet, there is nothing to comment on – it’s all speculation, and RMS usually does not speculate.

The only positive side I can think of is that, Microsoft did not buy RH before IBM does.

This is a threat to OSS, sadly.

Maybe Google or Amazon will buy Canonical soon?

I see IBM as being worse than MS as a company. They have steadily imploded over the last 20 years.

I don't want Google or Amazon anywhere near Canonical.

Why?

I don't know about Google but Amazon should definitely not come near Canonical. Amazon is the worst among FAANG & Microsoft towards Open Source. Look at what they have given back to the community.

Because more consolidation at the top is not good, and there is already far too much.

I'm not sure Amazon would be worse than the likes of bloodsucking PE (private equity) owning Suse.

Maybe Google or Amazon will buy Canonical soon?

What makes you think that would be a good thing?

What makes you think the poster thinks of it as a good thing?

Microsoft would have actually been better. They're at least still a product development company. IBM at this point is just consultants and their sales ilk. They'll gut Red hat.

Second that.

Half a year ago I was still at RedHat, and we were joking around with colleagues, that either the big bet on OpenShift/kubernetes starts paying off, or somebody buys us.

We joked that Microsoft under Satya Nadella would actually be quite a good fit :D

I'd place my bets that MS would buy Canonical since they already have a relationship.

Why do they need to sell it to begin with?

One word: SCO.

It's amazing if you consider how differently this sort of acquisition would have been viewed, way back during the SCO v. IBM [0] era.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCO_Group,_Inc._v._Internation....

IBM have a consistent, decades long history of acquiring superb firms and then mismanaging them into marketplace irrelevance.

My main worry is that this will end up like the Novell acquisition of SUSE. 10 years on and there is still scar tissue running through SUSE and openSUSE. Lots of bad blood was stirred up (and in many ways this is what cause the drop in interest in SUSE). IBM has hardly had the best history when it comes to treating its acquisitions (or its employees for that matter).

On the other hand, I know quite a few folks who work for IBM and do great free software work. I want to think that RedHat would be treated like OzLabs -- a fairly isolated group that gets to continue working on all of the free software work they have always done.

Here's hoping it works out. The survival of RedHat (or any large free software company) is very important to the longevity of the projects that we all depend on.

[I work at SUSE, though I wasn't around during the Novell years I have heard plenty of horror stories. And I've used GroupWise.]

God help us.

Will there be any independent open source/open source friendly company that isn't controlled by some corporate giant?

Probably if things go wrong, every community will just fork the code and move on.

The problem being that forked projects rarely get much traction. Look at Devuan. Only the very hard core Debian fanboys moved over. Sure, it's nice not having systemd, but the project will never have the user base and developer support that its parent project enjoys. Maybe, though, with RH being bought out, people will take a second look. I've always favoured Debian over RH for servers, as the upgrade path is dead simple and almost always works. RH/CentOS is a tough row to hoe in this regard comparitively.

Unless I'm mistaken, almost all of open source is driven by corporate development. The linux kernel is an alright example: roughly 85% of development seems to be sponsored by a corporation[1]. I felt a little weird when I first learned that

[1] https://www.infoworld.com/article/2610207/open-source-softwa...

The BSDs are all open source and not tied to anyone. Since operating systems are literally key components of being free, this truly matters. Red Hat had too much of a grip on Linux (kernel), the userland and much more. systemd, while an atrocity on its own, has now become a requirement for certain userland software projects, which is heresy. So much for the tenet of a software program doing one thing well.

Here's my take since we're all weighing in and are all in different levels of shock: IBM needs Redhat to stay relevant. The way I think about it is in a few ways. 1) IBM's stock price has been tanking because I think they're not investing in new products but just cutting expenditures to meet stupid Wall-Street targets. But with the introduction of RedHat they get new "blood" as it were. Who knows, what if they make the CEO of RedHat the CEO of IBM a la Satya Nadella and Microsoft?

They have said that RedHat would remain an independent part of IBM as part of their cloud push. Let's take them at their word unless they prove us wrong. Also, if nothing else, this could give RedHat even more money to make ambitious bets -- perhaps we might see Power9 systems running Fedora soon?

In the end I think this is, on the whole, a good thing. Now, does MS buy Canonical?

What do you mean “a la Satya Nadella and Microsoft”? He didn’t join MSFT through an acquisition. Did you mean Jobs/NeXT/Apple?

The analogy isn’t 1:1 but I think the core of MS and what he was doing in the cloud division might as well had him an outsider. MS was still highly Windows first all others second under Ballmer. Under Nadella he bet the future of the company on cloud and it’s been the right choice. What if they do the same with a changing of the guard — not immediately but eventually?

Interesting to see no comments praising this at all. I wonder what happened to RedHat for them to make this decision.

50% premium on stock price, or $10B+ of extra money

This feels like Sears buying KMart - One ailing firm buying another in the hopes that scale will fix everything...

I think KMart bought Sears and then renamed itself as Sears.

Wow. Not good for Red Hat in the long-term. Feels like the Sun takeover by Oracle a few years ago. Maybe they can maintain their efficient internal structures, but i have the feeling they will get caught in IBM internal power struggles and politics and lose their hands-on problem solving power.

I look forward to IBM marketing taking over.

"yum, powered by Watson"

"dnf, powered by Watson"

System/D, powered by Tivoli Cluster Manager

This will only work out if IBM beefs up it's data centers to clone AWS (Lambda, Batch, S3, RDS, SQS, Fargate), gobbles Netifly, then puts mainframe DB2 in the cloud next to commodity servers. Also needs to open the ZOS toolchain and get a modern syntax and tooling around COBOL.

Tried IBM cloud when it was "released".

50% of the portal pages were failing due to their own cross origin policies.

Only a idiot would touch such an incompetent cloud system.

This has been my experience too, and not when it was released. I was playing with some of their APIs last month and it was horrible: CORS issues, high latency, random failures or server errors for no reason.

I worked for a company that used bluemix PAAS (cloudfoundry based back in 2016). We were early adopters(customers), the service was not really stable at that time (but we were not in production yet) but it improved and ended up quite stable before we left for different reasons. I think I preferred (cost aside) their PAAS offering to some competitors like AWS beanstalk.

Will this warrant an Our Incredible Journey [1] entry?

Not technically an exit, I guess, at least not for most of the staff that start to work for Big Blue in a month.

[1] https://ourincrediblejourney.tumblr.com/

I figured bringing up that Tumblr will get flagged or at least downvoted, but it is amusing to ponder what would be the biggest, most high-profile acquisition in tech to merit an entry. Doubly funny when the firms involved aren't Silicon Valley startups but old enterprises.

I guess any publicly traded company is by definition at risk of being bought (or merged in this case) without notice or even much public speculation -- but this one feels particularly surprising as I'd been assuming much of Red Hat's value for its customers was its corporate-friendly support arrangements combined with its apparent independence from the traditionally-perceived excessively-corporate heavyweights.

The arguably customer-hostile licensing changes at Red Hat over the last few years are possibly an indicator of a shift in company culture.

On the other side, I've actually felt positively towards IBM since the 1990's when they started to commit heavily to a lot of free software efforts.

"First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then they buy you."

I would feel a lot better about this if their other recently acquired properties showed a better user experience, especially weather underground and the weather channel.

I'm not an IBM hater by any means. My FIL was a beemer; I have a good friend who is still one, along with various others I've known through my life. I cut my teeth on IBM mainframes, and my nostalgia for things like xterm stem from that.

But their recent track record is troubling. To an outsider it seems like they haven't formed a cohesive corporate strategy, and they've been making things up quarter to quarter.

I don't feel good about this, I'm sorry to say. I hope I'm wrong.

I am so sad about this. There is nothing good that I see coming out of this, but I hope that's just my bias. Red Hat has been a huge contributed to Linux and open source for years, I want to keep my Fedora!!

I completely agree. I feel the same about MS buying Github, too. We are seeing so much consolidation in so many markets, the only true outcome will be that it will be a worse environment for the rest of us.

So...how does this - if at all - impact linux (running smoothly) on thinkpads? From what i hear, beyond the normal open source contributors, numerous redhat engineers contribute towards fundamental device drivers for the thinpad platform of laptops...which, as i undestand it, why linux distros run soooo smoothly on for example my thinkpad t420. Perhaps my thought is selfish, but i love me some thinkpads - specifically because they run linux sooo nicely. So, will ibm force these guys to focus on other stuff? Or, am i worried for nothing?

only time will tell i guess.

Thinkpads are still nice machines to run not only linux on, but also openBSD. (most, if not all openBSD dev's run thinkpads as their development machines).

Hmmm, i didn't know that about the openBSD devs. Good to know. I'll have to take good ol' openBSD for a little test drive on my thinkpad. Cheers!

The Thinkpad brand has been owned by Lenovo since around 2006.

Expect business as usual for a year. Any changes will occur after then.

That blog post from cormier scares me. Its so cheerleading and the use of "we" like any one besides the employees at RedHat get a piece of that buyout. "Opensource is here to stay." ... Im not holding my breath. But I am bullish on the possibilities. If IBM doesnt F this up I hope they realize that people dont have negative feelings about them like Amazon and Google. People want a tech company that is more tech and less politics. IBM dont do anything special just have a simple payment structure with a product that works.

I really don't understand this. Redhat has been very profitable lately, what do they stand to gain from this? Why do they need cash so badly, what are they investing in?

Their success is so dependent on having management that understands how unique their business model is, I just can't understand why they'd be so desperate for cash that they'd risk screwing that up. Even if you have confidence that it's going to be fine for the next 5 years, what about 15 years from now? They've signed their soul away.

They don't need the cash, they want the cash. What management and shareholders stand to gain from it is cashing out. That's the way business works. Not saying it's the way things should be, just the way they are.

I don't really understand how IBM keeps rolling along, as they outsource more and more of their workers and kill off entire divisions of their best-known products. They don't really make software anymore, they don't really make hardware. Their cloud offerings are an also-ran behind Oracle. They have a massively overhyped, marketing-driven AI division. Mostly they seem to do the awful kind of IT consulting that the other H1B sweatshops engage in, but perhaps at a slightly more prestigious level.

I kind of wonder how many of the people here bemoaning this buyout, also buy into the vc model, where the ultimate 'goal' for most startups is a buyout by a bigger company.

Left CentOS about 4 years ago for Ubuntu, never looked back. Debian is a better system, Ubuntu is a very nice consistent distro. You should check out Proxmox, also debian based, very nice alternative for containers in small-medium deploys. Cheers and open-source on! EDIT: AGAIN down voted for no good reason! Is this automatic? How does this work? Cheerio, will log off for another six months, if anybody can suggest another real hacker's forum I'd be very grateful! TIA

Red Hat has contributed so much to open source projects. Even if you don't use their distribution, their contributions are present in countless initiatives and projects.

When I was at IBM my laptop ran RedHat enterprise. Was the brightest spot in working for a miserable company like IBM. I miss that now that I am forced to use Windows 7.

Fuck. RH seemed like a good company, and for it to go into a slow wasting death at IBM is a bummer.

Can someone help me understand... What exactly do IBM and Oracle do? I assume they are mostly hired to build software and do software/hardware/networking/database services. How much of their business is government contracts? Everyone here is talking about how nobody enjoys hiring them but they are billion-dollar companies... I have never worked in the public sector nor at a conglomerate so I am unable to comprehend this.

nobody got fired for buying IBM/Oracle/SAP.

usually, IBM is used for very large enterprise projects and it is usually done at a "high level". (aka, architecture et al, not direct implementation).

IBM is a slow, corporate monster, but it is very good at doing high, exec level consulting.

Time to update the FreeBSD Handbook, I suppose:

https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17745

Dupe https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18321937

They failed at PC. They failed at Cloud They failed with Watson They failed with Bluemix They ...... with Redhat.

In game theory, there are two types of players: Finite and Infinite. They are in the long run for sure and definitely they don't have pure strategy just a mixed one that doesn't go anywhere but stay where is it, until there's no one else playing the game anymore. IBM stands for ( I Bullshit Millions)

IBM had power and if anyone remembers it was also part of cell architecture team along with sony and Toshiba. I worked with yellow dog linux the official linux distro for sony ps3 . IBM at that point was still pushing for Red hat instead of investing in yellow dog which was powerpc centric. Red hat fedora later dropped support for powerpc. So in all IBM hardware failed and now it is trying to go is way?

Oh shit. This is one of the worst things I can imagine.

Well, I can easily imagine something worse, like for example Oracle buying it... ^__^;

Or EMC...

If we are talking about the storage company, I honestly have no opinion about it, but like you I'm somewhat scared of this acquisition. I wasn't aware that RedHat was looking for a buyer, I thought they were profitable and without debts...

This is terrible news, I really hope this deal does not go through, get blocked by shareholders or by anti-trust laws.

I also remember that IBM is not doing good - profits are decreasing and their software and services division fail to produce any innovation for the last years.

Did IBM need to buy whole RH to strengthen their cloud offering? Couldnt they just partnered with RH cloud division, leaving RH Core team independent?

I can see independent software vendors like Heptio and Canonical being the main beneficiary of this deal.

IBM can sweat the old large companies but they have no credible cloud offering and this doesn't change that. Converting on-prem to kubernetes and using a proper cloud like Google, AWS or Microsoft without also paying steep margin to IBM would seem to be more attractive.

Welp, just as I got hired to work at Red Hat. :(

RH has been full of corporate drones for a while. You'll fit right in after the acquisition.

Well, thank you for the uncalled-for insult!

I'll think otherwise the day I can log into LinkedIn and see something besides RH employees sharing the same advertisements without any discussion.

Can anyone walk me through the reasoning behind all this IBM hatred? What's going on? I thought they just sell mainframes.

IBM is a sales-driven company that mainly focuses on closed-source proprietary software. Red Hat is an engineer-focused, innovation driven company that's completely built around the open-source Linux kernel.

The two worlds just seem incompatible to me, and I assume a lot of people share the same concern as I do.

Try to use something made by IBM and then tell us if you like it.

I'm of two minds to this. I have a personal POWER6 running AIX and it handles my main hosting and mail. It's a great box and I love the hardware, but the IBM salesdroids would never talk to me (I do all my business through a VAR), and the CUoD nonsense and having to use a whole separate HMC to manage the single LPAR is obnoxious.

On the other hand, I absolutely love my Talos II. It's not an IBM machine, but it's engineered by them; the POWER9 is IBM, a lot of the OpenPOWER and PowerNV stuff is still as IBM designed it, and IBM contributes hardware support.

So I understand this feeling when dealing with IBM as a vendor. They suck. But I think IBM hardware is solid and their R&D is top-notch, and I'd buy IBM again (just not from them).

TLAs I identify:

  - AIX
  - IBM
  - R&D

To be interpreted:

  - POWER*
  - VAR
  - CUoD
  - HMC
  - LPAR
  - OpenPOWER

Conclusion: I'm not a sysadmin.

To be fair, a bunch of the latter ones are fairly specific. roughly:

POWERx: IBMs CPU architecture

VAR - value added reseller: if you're to small to talk to an enterprise vendor directly, or want a mix of stuff, you buy from them. (the "value added" bit is that ideally they sell you setup or other services in combination)

CUoD - Capacity Upgrade on Demand: IBM will sell you a server with more CPUs and memory than you paid for. If you then need more, you can buy a license key to temporarily or permanently turn on the extra hardware that's already in your server

HMC - Hardware Management Console: Terminal/interface you use to configure the server and the firmware.

LPAR - Logical PARtition: POWER systems have a hypervisor at the firmware (and to a degree hardware) level. the "virtual machines" you create on it are called LPARs.

OpenPOWER: IBMs effort to make POWER CPUs and surrounding hard- and software more open (partially sharing designs with partners, partially open sourcing)

Thanks! I was half joking, but that was really interesting and to the point.

1. DB2 is a damn good database imho. 2. And J9 was the fastest JVM when I benchmarked it about a year ago using jmh. 3. And I think Websphere Liberty is a damn fine app server also. 4. I really like Power based CPUs. 5. Talos is made possible because of the open approach that IBM had in creating the power platform. 6. I think loopback is pretty cool also.

Agreed about DB2, although I don't believe the innovation there is as strong as at once was. We run it on Redhat so this might actually bode well for us. Until it comes time to renew our Redhat licenses at least...

No, IBM isn't going to be good for Linux. RedHat as an independent company supported a lot of efforts to make Linux better overall, including reverse engineering hardware drivers, which most companies won't care about in the least. I don't trust IBM to continue that, so it will be a major setback to Linux efforts.

Judging by IBM’s history over the last 20 years I suspect this is akin to putting Satan at the wheel and giving him a bottle of Jack Daniels.

Several layers of abstraction down the line I get the feeling this will hurt us ansible and centos users now they have been pulled under the umbrella.

What happened to companies standing tall and alone?

They will put the Watson marketing department and the salespeople to work and cut off any meaningful tech. Sigh.

Seriously the amount of Watson hype IBM is spinning is astounding. Recently went to a vendors sales presentation on IBM Rhapsody, and they are touting some sort of rudimentary interactive agent, as powered by 'Watson'.

So basically we are getting the consolidation of companies that bother to spend money on FOSS.

This is what happens when everyone expects to use the work of others for free without paying a dime.

Eventually the companies go looking for buyers with deep enough pockets to support them.

Apple, Google, IBM, Oracle, Microsoft, Facebook,..., take your pick.

I have to wonder if folks aren't making more of this news that is really there. I mean besides a lot money changing hands and the usual process of IBM taking on a lot of employees and eventually laying many of them off.

Could anyone venture to predict how this might effect the wider Linux ecosystem?

Hi all, I'm a reporter with Bloomberg. I'm keen to track the acquisition and how it's being received, especially from the Red Hat end. If you're an employee and would like to chat, please reach out. I can keep it completely anonymous. gerritdevynck@protonmail.com

Thank you!

So, with SUSE getting sold to some equity firm and Red Hat being bought by Oracle's slightly less evil twin brother, is Canonical really the only "independent" Linux OS vendor left? And here I thought this was going to be The Year of The Linux Desktop™...

We're in the middle of a rollout of CoreOS. We'll finish the deployment, but won't be going in on any of the differentiators like locksmith. If only to make our possible migration to either (1) Debian or (2) The inevitable fork of Container Linux easier.

Kind of surreal news honestly, my interest in this is about like I would imagine if I was going to a Monster Truck show and found out several drivers would be absolutely plastered the whole time: I'm pretty sure something very bad is going to happen.

Nooooooooooo.

We have been preparing to move from Windows to RHEL. We are pretty far along in the process, but there is still time to switch distros. This is primarily for database and web servers. Does anyone have any recommendations on a different distro?

I see that Linus retiring from kernel development for a few days has indeed massive consequences.

Also see https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18281465

This is a cloud play ... But they're like late by a decade, hmm interesting times!

IBM's market cap is a little more than 100B so far. It costs more than 30B to acquire RH, that means IBM realize that if it doesn't do something useful, it will sink.

RH maybe the only one that's worth of purchasing and IBM can afford.

tips Fedora

Welp, there goes any chance Research Triangle Park ever had of being a major tech hub.

It already is a major tech hub (top 10 in the nation, pretty close to top 5). But I agree that this isn't a good sign for RTP.

This is an HN black-bar-worthy event (given the OSS implications).

-- longtime CentOS/Fedora user

What will happen to the parts of IBM and Red Hat which overlap? If there is competing tech which adds to IBM's bottom line then chances are that is what IBM will keep. It will be interesting to know what those areas are.

> It will be interesting to know what those areas are.

JBoss vs WAS will be a major thing where they are most directly competing. Java, especially in its EE incarnation, is not so hot on HN but massively important in the enterprise.

As a Corp buyer of both, it seems like one dinosaur buying another. When IBM (Or CA or Oracle or any other old school firm) buys another company, it almost always results in underinvestment in product and worse support.

I haven't felt this way since March 25th, 2014.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7469115

Red Hat already had too much grip on Linux, it will be interesting how this all plays when IBM steps in.

In other shocking news Poeterring now works for IBM? Can we blame IBM for systemd in the future?

It's not about IBM at all. We have AWS/Azure/GCP out there. IBM and Red Hat? That reminds me Intel+samsung or Nokia+Qt when there are already Android/iOS/WP.

Wondering how this is going to affect their recruiting pipeline. I submitted an application myself last week but now have absolutely no interest in being a guest at this feast.

I probably can understand the motivation from IBM side. Most big/great companies have a long term vision and strategy. I did not get Redhat, is it good to join IBM?

What has just happened??

Was there some behind-the-door takeover, from a friend to a friend? Or a pressure from investors like MS with Nokia? It just doesn't make any other sense...

RH fell behind the times. Their paradigm of a stable though an older kernel was suitable for the times when kernel wasn't that stable and things in the industry were developed slower than today. I work in a big enterprise space and usually we do Ubuntu if we can and SUSE Enterprise if we can't :), i recently tried Docker/Kubernetes on a recent RHEL - looking at the kernel version i already didn't expect the stuff to work and of course it didnt work (no complete namespaces features support). Their push for their own custom software platform instead is a good match for IBM.

You know you can run your own kernel, right?

Good luck IT-blessing kernel changes at BigCo-s. And what would be the purpose of a BigCo buying RHEL if one has to mock around with kernel afterwards? Anyway though, the RH not being a cloud player that has been making it obsolete too.

I think Microsoft should buy Ubuntu now, and we are all set.

Please don't give anyone any ideas.

Hopeful outcome of this, provided IBM realizes it is the student in this situation:

IBM's historical reputation coupled with Red Hat's proven success and products creates a serious competitor to Microsoft at the small-to-medium enterprise level. As Red Hat gains share, other corporate Linux flavors ride the rising tide, and Linux finally captures the long tail.

Further out, Microsoft transitions to being a device company a-la Apple. Bill Gates comes back to save the floundering company but insists that each device offer mechanized vaccinations, leading to skyrocketing prices and general shunning from the populace, which has gradually devolved into rabid anti-vaccination fervor. Microsoft fails, and is ultimately embraced, extended, and extinguished by IBM/Red Hat.

They should have taken over docker. Instead, they went old fashioned. Fine. But this probably doesn’t scare competition away (MS, AWS, Google).

Just glad I jumped ship to FreeBSD a year ago. Sad that Ansible is involved in this though. We were just considering switching from Chef.

I am living in an alternate Universe now?

  - Linus is super polite here;
  - RedHat is IBM here;
  - IBM is still bad, tho.

-ss

P.S. Sad news.

They failed with watson, They failed with Bluemix They .... with Redhat.

I don't think that's a good move from Redhat perspective.

My 0.02:

IBM:Oracle=RH:Sun

(question from a non-native English speaker: is the above interpreted as IBM is to Oracle as RH is to Sun ?)

Bad times are coming for open source.

IBM is to RedHat what Oracle was to Sun

I still fail to see how this will help Red Hat achieve "even more", as they claim in the statement. Sad day!

Well Canonical - if you were waiting for the right moment to push hard and take Red Hat's business this is it.

So now everyone will be wearing blue pyjamas and talk about Watson while not delivering anything.

Seriously.

Can anyone explain why this would be good?

Terrible news for scientific computing :(

I am extremely worried for Fedora. I don't see IBM allowing RH to support us with servers and employees.

Does this mean they will turn the super good red hat documentation in IBM style super useless documentation?

Hmmm - even less happy about systemd and all the other red had stuff that's been pumped into linux.

I dunno. IBM was pretty generous with the operating system when they invented the PC in the first place.

Maybe IBM can re-acquire ThinkPad from Lenovo too. Red Hat traditionally uses ThinkPads internally.

Red Hat employees traditionally use Macs and Windows PCs.

Is this really the case? I had always heard that part of the reason ThinkPads have such good Linux support is their use internally at Red Hat (who pushed the relevant code upstream).

Yes it really is. There are some people internally that use Fedora, but even they are becoming more rare. Canonical on the otherhand requires their employees use their distro.

I personally run Arch and haven't had issues on any hardware that I've tested, and it has the benefit of staying current with the latest stable kernel and software, so it doesn't have to backport fixes and features.

My understanding (via the Ubuntu podcast) is that Canonical allows people (outside of core desktop team) to use at least non-Ubuntu distros.

This could be a more recent change, but while I was working there in 2015 it was part of the hiring process to use your own laptop with Ubuntu, and that is how they would test compatibility with multiple devices. Heck, if I could run Arch Linux, I'd consider going back.

This is all third hand information on my part, but I would guess that Canonical's shift towards server and away from desktop could be related.

Oh boy, am I going to have a field day ribbing my Fedora-sporting friends about their IBM PCs ...

In retrospect I'm surprised this didn't happen a long time ago. Good lucky RH brothers.

I had to mentally check the calendar to see if it was April 1. (Sadly, it is not.)

How easy is it to switch to Ubuntu instead of upgrading my web server to CentOS 7?

Colocation of mainframe and commodity compute is huge if they can pull it off.

can someone explain to me what will happen tomorow at market opening ? Currently redhat is quoted 114$, IBM announced they will buy all share at 190$. will it be tradable tomorow morning at market opening ?

Oh my god

Hearing this, nothong else than a big f word comes out of my mouth.

What the expletive! (Awesome, really didn’t see it coming though!)

IBM is where Unisys was in 1990, this is not positive for Red Hat.

Bad news.

Sure, there are ways you could argue it could work well.

But, IBM would have to change.

Good luck with that.

I am having a feeling that Dell might buy Canonical soon.

Just started a new job at Red Hat around a year ago. I kept thinking "this is too good to be true".

It was. Good luck everyone, massive layoffs, salary cuts, and destruction of benefits coming soon I bet.

RH + IBM is like making a bad thing much much worse.

Like ten years after they should have done this.

Who do people dislike more : Oracle or IBM?

Does this have regulatory approval already?

why so many people want to work on their own project when whey work at IBM, I bet the job must be so boring there

Tomorrow: Microsoft acquires canonical :P

The week after: Ubuntu LTS ditched, Ubuntu gets forced updates; https://github.com/Microsoft/Windows returns 200 OK, containing Windows 10 source code :)

Proud to be part of Americas 5 companies!

Can the shareholders block this somehow?

Sure, those are the ones having to sell their shares to IBM, but IBM would pay a premium and before anouncement discuss with key investors.

For a large public corporation usually a clear majority of shares are held as pure investment by big institutional investors like pension companies. Their goal is to turn a small amount of money into a large amount of money without too much risk. So they have no reason to block this sort of deal.

Moreover, such companies are often desperate to minimise overheads on operations. Once upon a time they'd employ dozens of specialists, now they're relying on computer models as much as possible to reduce costs and don't much care about what's actually driving the price changes that the model is looking at.

Boards at big companies actually now know this. Suppose you're the board of a big corp and you'd like $10M each even though you didn't do a good job? Just write up paperwork saying you propose that you get paid $10M extra each because of diddly-dee, put it up for a vote by shareholders with a recommendation that they vote "Yes". A few smaller shareholders are paying attention, they'll vote "No". The big institutions are entirely on auto-pilot, and will follow your "Yes" recommendation, your vote passes, you now get $10M with no effort. Giving the board a pile of money for no reason might bankrupt the company. Not your problem, the shareholders voted for it.

For the pension company making your shareholders $10 and then asking for $1 to cover overheads from actual specialists (10%) is seen as worse than making your shareholders $8 and then asking for 10¢ to cover overheads from a few pencil pushers (1.25%) even though in the first scenario the shareholder kept $9 and in the second they only got $7.90. Nobody wants to pay 10%. The result was foreseeable but it's hard to say if it could have been prevented.

The Red Hat board will recommend shareholders accept the offer. Big institutions will (and in this case in my opinion quite rightly) automatically agree and so it doesn't matter what a handful of small private shareholders do.

Good bye last true open source company!

Big BlueHat

Please no.

oohhh..maybe we can finally get some laptop drivers written for linux!

Assuming you are thinking of Thinkpads, IBM hasn't owned that since 2006.

At least it’s not Oracle.

Good news for Debian :)

Ugh. Terrible news. Better than by MS or Oracle though. Just.

I had to check twice if I hibernated and it was April 1st.

TL;DR IBM just bought a controlling interest in almost every Linux based system on the planet, and thus all the big companies making money with Open Source.

This is fine.

RIP Red Hat.

Oh, no!

Another one bites the dust

Welp, there goes Fedora!

fork?

The articles (and Stalman interviews) happening recently pointed to this situation. Open Source, as adopted currently, is a flawed model that valors corporate protection more than end-user freedom.

github is now sourceforge. redhat is now suse Linux. etc.

all the little benefits you got having an apache or bsd license over gpl will start to bite you now. Case in point: every major company has a opensource executive whose only job is to make sure all projects are using closed-source-permissive licenses.

> Open Source, as adopted currently, is a flawed model that valors corporate protection more than end-user freedom.

I see your point, and I mostly agree.

I would like to differentiate between Open Source organizations - like Linux Foundation, Apache Foundation or Mozilla Foundation - and mixed organizations like Oracle (owns MySQL), RedHat (owns too many to list), etc.

The first ones represent the pure Open Source approach. Were the software and how it better serves humanity is their main concerns. The second ones are just business that see in Open Source and gratis (free as in beer) software a way to get a bigger user base and to kill any possibility of competitors from the bottom as new entries cannot compete as easily with products that you do not need to pay for.

Real Open Source foundations are fundamental for a functional global software industry. The other ones bring value, but they use Open Source projects as a weapon against competitors, not as something for the good of its users. And that ones are the ones that value corporate protection more than end-user freedom.

most projects on those incubators are there to die a slow death after being abandoned by the group you call "open source corporations"

> to die a slow death

The operative word is here slow. Software is taken to the ASL by its backers so they can extract as much benefit as possible for as long as possible. They get an ASL Vice-Presidency position which they tout on their CV's. No upgrades to new major versions, just the current version milked via consulting and conferences.

RedHat had a good reputation as a place to work. Meanwhile, when I worked at IBM my health insurance contribution for a family of four was $1k a month

Plus the wonderful 401k match once a year plus the "colocation" scandal etc, etc.

This reminds me of an article[1] I wrote predicting shifting trends in Open Source development, in particular of core infrastructure tools.

There is a huge ripe opportunity for a new company/non-profit to step in and set precedence on the future of developer tools. People don't "Dream Big" anymore, and having the biggest OSS companies absorbed by the most proprietary of companies is a perfect example of hope being lost. I hope we can revert this trend, who wants to help?

1. https://hackernoon.com/the-implications-of-rethinkdb-and-par...

I hope all companies using opensource software would contribute back either by returning some percent of their profit or in-terms of work-force.

It's like many companies take, but doesn't give back.

Time for an increased focus on productivity and deadlines and shareholder return until all talent leaves from burn out.

Good news for any tech company looking for talent in the next few years.

HELP, I have a big question : The buyout will go to the shareholders, that is a deterministic ~30% net benefit. (the offer being ~30% > than the market cap) So WHY shouldn't us the readers of the news, buy shares right now, before the market react ?

And we can even imagine a Web crawler software that detect that entreprise X announce to buy entreprise Y && the offer being > to the market cap, then auto buy ?

The market has already reacted. The bot strategy you describe is widely implemented. This is not an original idea.

Still the price stock hasn't gone uploads.disquscdn.com but this must be because we need to wait for tomorow opening. Are there any of thèses bots on github ? Why don't they work, are the market already fully saturated with those bots ?

Because there is nowhere(?) you can trade those shares right now, and if those places do exist, the local price almost certainly already reflects this news. Tomorrow morning, the new information will also influence the opening auction, and retail trades haven't a mission of catching any of the action

You might find on Monday the price tends upwards slightly for most of the day, which seems typical of this kind of news, but really, all the value of this deal is captured by existing shareholders -- who is going to sell you their shares at a cut price?

It's already too late to buy "before the market reacts". This is public information now, so it will be priced into the market price once the stock market opens.

Yes but my question would be, not everyone will buy at market opening T+1, but more some hours after ? Is This still impossible because of bots ? Tomorow empiricism will answer me.

The history of the “free economy” is one of concentration of market power. Good reference is Galbraith’s “1929 the great crash”

I feel you're right, which is why I'm surprised by the seemingly negative response to this news, and the overwhelmingly positive response from GitHub+Microsoft.

Some of the same conflicts of interest exist in both modern cases, notwithstanding, both have opposite contribution histories.

Am I missing something?

I wouldn't call the GitHub+Microsoft acquisition response "overwhelmingly positive".

I agree, plenty of criticism and skepticism here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17227286

I got the impression that nobody at all on HN was happy about the GitHub thing, FWIW.

I'm sorry, I'm in the PNW. I think I just got caught in my own damn bubble.

PNW = Pacific Northwest (of the continental United States), for anyone who doesn't know; it's not an initialism I use/see too often myself, and I live in California.

Thanks. CA here also and had no idea what that referred to.

I thought CA was the country just to the north of PNW... :)

Oh, not Central America then?

Others pointed out that the Github merger wasn’t all positive, but Microsoft is at least a software company.

IBM is a consulting company and their model is really different than RedHat.

Competing with AWS and Microsoft is pretty crazy and does not make sense to me. RedHat’s value is in its software, not its cloud delivery.

And, frankly, I depend a little more on centos/fedora than I do Github.

They've been competing with cloud providers for while already. Bluemix may not be very popular, but it seems to be growing https://console.bluemix.net/catalog/

It may be strictly wrong to call them a "cloud" provider, but they've bet big on on-premise cloud-like systems, which carries a lot of potential for future growth.

If you want enterpricey Kubernetes, scratching those auditing and authorization itches it carries, Openshift is probably on your short list.

> Others pointed out that the Github merger wasn’t all positive, but Microsoft is at least a software company.

> IBM is a consulting company and their model is really different than RedHat.

Maybe the complementariness of this could be good?

(Yes, Microsoft is a software company, but they produce a particular type of software which is why many people weren't thrilled about their acquisition of Github.)

Concentration of power isn’t always socially optimal. It’s probably never optimal.

There are periods of concentration and entrepreneurship. Part of the market maturity lifecycle. As a market gets more well established, competitors become less differentiated and start competing on cost which leads to consolidation. This creates openings for upstarts to disrupt or open new markets.

... and yet there is no shortage of examples of ownership being consistently more concentrated over time. Are we are right around the corner from seeing "upstarts" in the television, telecoms, and food manufacturing industries?

Seriously? TV has been totally disrupted by streaming services. Music too. Some industries simply morph into utilities and get stuck in that space forever. Telecom will land there eventually.

I don't think that entirely speaks to my point. You were speaking of a natural cycle of conglomeration and entrepreneurship, yet there are many examples of markets that have only become more of an oligopoly over time. It seems to me that centralised ownership generally makes it harder for entrepreneurs to break into a market.

> TV has been totally disrupted by streaming services.

Has it?

Let's look at the whole TV chain; traditionally, you've got as chain of consumer <- multichannel video programming distributor (MVPD; classically cable/satellite) <- channels <- studios, with a few channels available outside an MVDS by way of terrestrial broadcast.

So, what has streaming done to break up consolidation, working back from the consumer?

Well, at the MVPD level, it's added a few alternatives, but that weakens consolidation less than you'd think because you've got as major streaming players:

- YouTube TV, controlled by one of the best biggest corporations on the planet, but a genuine new player in the MVPD industry.

- PlayStation TV, controlled by a major player in TV studios and channels who wasn't previously in the MVPD business in the US.

- Sling TV, owned by Dish Network, an existing MVPD (satellite) player

- DIRECTV NOW, owned by AT&T, an existing MVPD (cable and satellite) player

- Hulu with Live TV (owned primarily by a handful of major players in the TV content industry, two of which—Comcast and AT&T—are also major players are MVPD industry.)

- Xfinity Instant TV from an existing major MVPD, and only to their ISP customers.

Well, what about channels?

You can get what amount to individual premium channels with decent first and sometimes third-party on-demand catalogs without and MVDP now, but is there less consolidation? Not really. There's a couple of big new independent players (e.g., Amazon, Netflix) and a lot of new brands offered (individually or jointly) by existing big players who continue to consolidate.

Streaming hasn't really done anything to reverse TV consolidation.

Yes. Television is in the midst of one now.

We detached this subthread from https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18322548 and marked it off-topic.

Discussing economics is off topic in a business merger? Its completely on topic. Economics is literally the study of scarce resource allocation. In the US, that’s everything from personal choice, business operations, through to global considerations.

To quote the dictionary “a social science concerned chiefly with description and analysis of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services”

It’s my understanding that HN is for technical discussions and business discussions. That’s exactly what my comment discussed. Further, that book by Galbraith is widely considered the gold standard for the Great Depression.

TLDR: if you want hacker news to be taken seriously as a place to discuss business and tech then my comment is appropriate in a merger discussion.

It's off topic because generic ideological discussions are always the same. When something is that predictable, it adds no new information, cannot gratify curiosity, and therefore doesn't meet the site guidelines: https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html.

I hope all companies using opensource software would contribute back either by returning some percent of their profits or in-terms of work-force.

Many companies take, but doesn't give back.

Oh, that's suuuuuper gross. Red Hat is pretty cool for open source but this can only mean one thing if IBM is going to suck blood from the stone.

Why are these things announced on Sunday? Microsoft acquiring Github was announced on Sunday too.

Maybe to prevent insider deals during stock hours eg. traders already in the know of upcoming acquisitions minutes before others?

It Red hat and later canonical were bought by some companies.

This is going to be a big setback to open-source software as both compaines contribute a lot to Linux distroes.

Smaller companies will find it hard to rely or choose a distribution.

If IBM acquires Red hat, I hope they leave it alone.

The fun thing is that IBM stock was already recently dropping.

Oracle2.0.

Good news for fedora thou

What is your reasoning? In the other HN news thread, there were some people specifically worried about Fedora after the acquisition

Big if true

>bloomberg.com

if true

Reuters is reporting the same

Now official - https://www.redhat.com/en

Well, I don't know anybody in the FOSS community which would be worried it systemd became endangered ;)

You win! Truth

I know. It is perfectly OK. I will bever be a fan of systemd.

1. Every distro that already uses systemd (which is close to 100%)

2. (Close to 100% of) packagers and maintainers of system services

3. System administrators using distros from #1 (which is, again, practically everyone)

The warnings for #1 were clear. Nobody wanted to hear or heed them. I have little sympathy for those that adopted it despite many people begging them (distro maintainers) not to.

I do not think that there were any clear warnings that you should avoid using systemd because it's good software that might stop being developed soon.

I also don't think avoiding using systemd solves the problem. My preferred alternative to an abandoned systemd is a well-developed systemd, not sysvinit.

>because it's good software that might stop being developed soon.

Having looked at the code. Calling it good software is a dubious proposition at best.

As mentioned in another comment. There are other init replacements that are seeking to solve the same issues as systemd. I bet you can’t name them though since they were never properly evaluated.

Of all the standard anti-systemd talking points this one is one of the most puzzling rejections of reality. Every major distribution reviewed the landscape. Look through https://wiki.debian.org/Debate/initsystem/systemd and all of the votes, countless threads, etc. You can disagree with the conclusions but it’s just absurd to say that people weren’t aware that there were alternatives.

(Also, I'm not sure whether that was intended to be an ad hominem that I personally haven't looked for alternatives, or a statement about the state of the industry that I haven't been made aware of them, but I can in fact name alternatives, and mostly because I've followed debates like this.)

In the end it was a tie in the Debian technical committee. The chairman’s vote was counted twice so systemd won. Then the people who had voted for systemd resigned rather than actually implement their choice.

Not as cut and dry as you make it seem.

This is just not true at all. (I'm a Debian package maintainer; I paid close attention to both the vote itself and the discussion around it.)

Debian uses ranked preference voting. Of the nine committee members, only one ranked sysvinit above either systemd or upstart. The rest were split about which of the two, with systemd winning the tie-break vote, but both were acceptable choices to all eight. There was no tie about whether systemd would have been an acceptable choice; both systemd and upstart were accepted 8-to-1.

The one member who voted in favor of sysvinit resigned after trying to start a general resolution (a vote of the entire project) to overrule the committee, and being told by basically everyone that this was inappropriate. He did not resign over systemd; he resigned, at best, over the process, and really I'd say he resigned because the project had lost confidence in him as someone able to act reasonably in contentious technical situations, which is basically the job of a technical committee member.

Nobody on the technical committee had refused to implement systemd support. The technical committee is not an implementation body anyway, but none of the members have refused to, say, implement systemd support in their packages, and they all remain members of the project.

All of this is public record, e.g.: https://lwn.net/Articles/585504/

(Also, none of what you said is a counterargument to the post you replied to.)

I’m not sure how you think that relates to my comment. As I said, it’s bizarre to suggest that the problem was a lack of awareness about the alternatives when there was such a long process doing exactly that.

Yeah, I'm also not a fan of systemd, but if there's something I dislike more, it's plain sysvinit. I _almost_ prefer the old BSD style "just a bunch of hand-rolled scripts," at least that one has you feeling special as you make a mess of it.

Now talking seriously, even if IBM stopped funding the project, it wouldn't be such a disaster. First of all, it's open source. A new mantainer could take over the project (for free) so the distributions can keep using it. But even if a replacement had to be found, the process wouldn't be traumatic... just like when Debian, the base of many other distributions, adopted systemd some years ago.

A new maintainer could take over the project, but Red Hat was funding their labor, and the chances that someone takes over the project and continues contributing regularly goes up significantly if their labor is reliably funded. (Working for a large company is not the only way to fund labor, but it seems to be the most common one in our society.)

Similarly, having something worth switching to also depends on labor to develop such an alternative. Upstart is no longer funded, and was the closest (including in terms of mindshare that caused people to spend labor developing integration between their software and the init system).

That's right, but we've plenty of "plumbing" software for the Linux ecosystem whithout funding companies behind, and they get regular contributions.

The same should happen with the init system. Of course, it's different when the software pretends not just to be an init system but also a replacement for tons of other daemons like cron, inetd, networking, etc, making it a huge piece of software. But maybe that's the problem in the first place.

The point there is that most of the underlying user space plumbing of modern Linux system is in fact funded by Red Hat in one way or another.

(And in this context it is probably useful to realize that on the kernel side of things the amount of funding from Red Hat and IBM is comparable)

If that's true, maybe we should stop relying so much on a single company like RedHat. Maybe we need to stop making so many distributions, and instead focus on the tools everybody use.

systemd is interesting and innovative. But I do question whether the most baroque of the modern inits should be the de facto standard init.

redhat had a lot of love in the world. any other vendor that shoved systemd down everyones throat would have been villified. redhat was given a pass. (karma, anyone?)

Indeed. Canonical tried and failed, hard.

Karma? Red Hat shareholders will be getting a 60% premium over the current value.. if it's karma, then pushing systemd was a good action.

So you'd rather go back to Upstart or SysV? Really?

Yes, without question. Systemd provides me absolutely no benefit when running a server and adds considerable complexity and fragility in a critical component.

A traditional SysV init is just fine. Want orchestrated service invocation on startup? Run it from SysV init instead of replacing SysV init.

There is no need to conflate the "sysv rc system" with "sysv init." They are entirely separate things.

So you're saying to just use SysV init to launch processes from inittab, and have one of those processes be a systemd/launchd clone that launches everything else. I mean, I guess that's a possible design, but at that point I would question whether using the SysV init program is really buying you anything.

In any case, most people wouldn't consider that design "SysV init". The SysV init ecosystem is built around rc files.

I teach unix internals to engineers as part of my job and I've found most engineers aren't intimately familiar with the distinction between the RC system and the init system at all. I agree there isn't widespread understanding of this distinction but I think it is because most engineers simply don't know how any of this works.

The reason to keep these things modular is flexibility and ease of analysis and improvement. The major criticism I see with systemd is that has undefined operational scope and unbounded feature creep. It has no stable interface between components and changes behavior in incompatible and difficult to predict ways fairly regularly. From a systems perspective it's a big ball of mud and the lack of a formal interface makes it prohibitively difficult to change or replace its subsystems.

I don't like that systemd performs ANSI animations on my machine's serial console, for example. Have you seen the "marquee" animations it does when certain services start? I sure would like to force it to print sequential lines of text instead, but I can't.

I don't like that when systemd updated basic utilities like "reboot" I lost the ability to use them in a chroot. Even "reboot -f" which does not need to talk to init. I had to write my own one-liner to call reboot(2) myself not too long ago.

System components need to be well scoped and replaceable. There's a major design problem brewing in this area.

Not trying to nit pick but I am among the group who did not realize there is a distinction between sysV init and RC files.

Is it possible to use one without the other?

Sure thing!

/sbin/init is pid=1, the single process that the kernel starts when a system boots. It typically runs a command to kick off bringing up userland to the correct runlevel, maybe something like "/etc/rc.d/rc 3". It doesn't do anything more than just execute this command.

The command is part of the RC system. Typically written in shell, it handles walking /etc/rc.*/ and running the scripts contained therein to configure and invoke the various services for a particular runlevel.

You can boot linux using your own init and skip the rc system. From grub, add "init=/bin/sh" to your kernel parameters and you will get a shell as pid=1 and no other processes -- from there you can run commands as you wish to bring your system the rest of the way up. If you were to run "/etc/rc.d/rc 3" by hand you would invoke the same scripts that normally run on bootup to runlevel 3.

You could also delete all these shell scripts and replace them with your own code for configuring the system.

It's not only possible, it is how the System Resource Controller worked in AIX from version 3.2 back in 1992 onwards. srcmstr is run from an entry in inittab, which at the same time shrank to just one run level in real use.

You have erroneously conflated rc and init, as others have pointed out.

No, it was just a joke, you know... but in fact I've checked and I'm already running upstart right now, as part of my Ubuntu LTS system. So really no need to "go back" :P

Ubuntu switched to systemd from 16.04. You must be running 14.04. Ubuntu improved a lot in 4 years.

Yes, it's 14.04. I tried 18.04 a couple of weeks ago, but I didn't really like the new GNOME interface. For me, Unity was (is) a great DE. I know other things improved too, but I'm not really enthusiastic about them either. For example, snaps, whose paradigm of self-contained applications I don't consider an improvement.

Last I checked Upstart was deprecated.

It is, but it's also the init system of some Ubuntu versions still supported, so you can be running upstart on a modern, supported distribution.

4 years old, running a 3.13.x kernel

You and I have very different definitions of modern, I suppose.

I'd rathe someone take another shot at service management.

I don't want to hold onto everything about SysV style systems - I love SMF in Solaris! - but I'd definitely prefer a leaner and more focused approach to development than we see with systemd.

It is interesting that you bring up SMF. For me systemd mostly seems like saner implementation of SMF.

Then you should pick up the reins of System XVI.

* https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10212770

False dichotomy. There are more options than those. SystemD won because it had been adopted already and was supported by a major company in FOSS

False dichotomy indeed. Right now I'm testing runit (on void linux) for my production machines. My experience since more than a year: Once it runs it runs, literally zero surprises so far.

The general volatility of systemd introduces so many unstable elements in your system, that it really makes you think if the added risk it is really worth the value it offers (even though I'm still not quiet sure what the value of systemd actually is).

I'm not exactly surprised that someone who isn't using systemd for anything is getting little value from it. If you really want to give it a fair chance go all in on 'the systemd way' and you'll wonder how you ever got by without it.

- Services can depend on mounts, sockets, paths, or other servives. Don't start the NFS server until your backend storage is online and mounted and stop it if it goes offline.

- Are you annoyed when Symantec is chewing through your CPU? Use systemctl --edit and cap it at 20% with one CPUQuota option.

- Have a NodeJS service you want to bind to port 80 but not run as root? AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE and you're done.

- Want to automount a directory? Drop in an .automount file or add an option to fstab and you're done.

- Replace GRUB with systemd-boot and enjoy configuring boot options with simple INI files.

- Want to do offline updates? Have any service you want be part of system-update.target, touch /system-update and reboot.

- Annoyed that you can't have more than 3 dns servers or can't run DNSoTLS or DNSoHTTPS? systemd-resolved has your back.

- Forget about ntpd or chrony and use systemd-timesyncd is a lightweight standards complaint ntp client.

- Run all your userspace daemons like offlineimap, tmux, emacs, your dev server, etc. as systemd user services.

- Manage the permissions, resource usage, and monitor long running jobs with systemd-run.

- Replace cron with systemd timers that not only have more powerful timespecs, are hooked into the dependency solver, and can be monitored like any other service.

- Isolate troublesome 3rd party applications with systemd-portable which are a bit like privileged containers but easier to use.

- Run apps as unprivileged users without having to fill passwd with users and groups just for services with dynamic users.

These are just the ones off the top of my head. It boggles my mind how people say that systemd doesn't provide value.

The things you listed exist outside of systemd.

You’re arguing the same tired points against sysvinit except also attributing valour to systemd where it doesn’t belong.

- Services can depend on mounts, sockets, paths, or other servives. Don't start the NFS server until your backend storage is online and mounted and stop it if it goes offline.

This is what the next generation of init systems brought. Not just systemd, but runit and others. Nobody was fighting for sysvinit, which is what people seem to argue.

- Are you annoyed when Symantec is chewing through your CPU? Use systemctl --edit and cap it at 20% with one CPUQuota option.

This is just cgroups, a function of the kernel, not systemd

- Have a NodeJS service you want to bind to port 80 but not run as root? AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE and you're done.

Polkit

- Want to automount a directory? Drop in an .automount file or add an option to fstab and you're done.

Automount, existed for 15 years at this point.

- Replace GRUB with systemd-boot and enjoy configuring boot options with simple INI files.

You know they adopted a boot loader for this right? It existed before systemd. Regardless an “ease of use bootloader” that comes with a lot of opinions on other things like logging and opaque non-deterministic behaviour? Nah.

- Want to do offline updates? Have any service you want be part of system-update.target, touch /system-update and reboot.

What does this mean?

- Annoyed that you can't have more than 3 dns servers or can't run DNSoTLS or DNSoHTTPS? systemd-resolved has your back.

This has been the horror of many, since the code to do this is so shitty and makes so many assumptions. (Like that it silently fails and makes your application pause, or the more subtle default of using Google’s dns server- which they didn’t pay for and is a weird default in the context of servers- hammering home to me that systemd was for the desktop.

Explains a lot of the design if you frame it that way, looks a lot like the windows subsystem)

- Forget about ntpd or chrony and use systemd-timesyncd is a lightweight standards complaint ntp client.

Why forget about things that work? I don’t understand your reasoning here. Because you like INI files?

- Run all your userspace daemons like offlineimap, tmux, emacs, your dev server, etc. as systemd user services.

This one is fair enough, I used to use supervisord, but that’s very meh- Or there’s the old tmux session that lives forever.

- Manage the permissions, resource usage, and monitor long running jobs with systemd-run.

Same as cgroups again.

- Replace cron with systemd timers that not only have more powerful timespecs, are hooked into the dependency solver, and can be monitored like any other service.

Your argument here boils down to “service integration with corn” because high resolution timers were a thing before systemd. This is solved with other inits (like runit) by making resources available as you request them. Much like xinetd.

- Isolate troublesome 3rd party applications with systemd-portable which are a bit like privileged containers but easier to use.

LXC or in a real pinch, cgroups + chroot.

- Run apps as unprivileged users without having to fill passwd with users and groups just for services with dynamic users.

Polkit. This is what polkit was designed for.

> This is what the next generation of init systems brought. Not just systemd

Exactly! I'm not saying that it's unique to systemd, just that it's useful. I expect many next-gen init systems will be implementing many similar features to systemd.

> This is just cgroups, a function of the kernel, not systemd

And Docker resource control is just cgroups too. Doesn't mean it's not much much easier to use. The value of systemd's resource control options is that it comes with a constraint solver and sets up the cgroups to satisfy your desires. If you have many services all with their own caps it becomes very annoying to figure out how to set up the ratios of CPU shares.

> Automount, existed for 15 years at this point.

And it's been super flaky for 15 years. Would you rather edit automount maps or just say, "hey when this path is first accessed, mount it."

> Polkit

Huh? Polkit 100% cannot do this. This is the ability to set and deny Linux capabilities to services. systemd is actually providing something very unique here which as of yet doesn't exist outside systemd.

The userspace tools for capabilities allow you to set them on files so that when you exec them they have (or are denied) the capabilities you set. But what about an interpreted program like python or node? You probably don't want to set CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE on all node processes, just your web server.

Systemd makes this very easy by starting a service as root, dropping capabilies to match your directives then execing the service. Nothing magic but something very few tools let you do. Someone could write a tool for this but it's doesn't exist anywhere in my repos.

> You know they adopted a boot loader for this right?

Look I know it's gummyboot. Gummyboot is great. Just because it's now systemd-boot doesn't make it any less good. In fact it makes it better since the userspace tooling systemd added greatly improved the experience using it.

> What does this mean?

Downloading updates to apply, rebooting into a minimal environment to apply them, and then rebooting back into your system. It's a very slick implementation.

> Why forget about things that work?

Drastically reduced complexity and attack surface because timesyncd focuses entirely on being a client.

> Same as cgroups again.

Yes they use cgroups under the hood. Tell me how to, from a shell, run an arbitrary process capped at 30% CPU and 128M of memory that's easier than

systemd-run -t -p MemoryMax=128M -p CPUQuota=30% my-process

> LXC or in a real pinch, cgroups + chroot.

Right, but systemd is providing the tooling to make it easy package and run services like this.

> Polkit. This is what polkit was designed for.

Polkit literally cannot do this. Tell me how to make a user $service exist only while $service is running.

I would disagree that systemd got adopted because it had been already adopted, this is a circular reasoning.

From a distance it looks like politics and influence pushed for adoption of systemd, motivation behind this uncanny move and spread has been questioned making some wonder if this could be intended with a nefarious purpose in mind.

You just cannot call it "politics and influence" when systemd was discussed thoroughly and adopted by Debian.

> Then the people who had voted for systemd resigned rather than actually implement their choice.

Huh? I'm not sure what you think the role of Debian's TC is, you seem to be quite confused about it. Also, both TC members who preferred systemd over upstart and members who preferred upstart over systemd resigned.

I would stay away from upstart because canonical. SysV, yes in the blink of an eye.

But you are mistaken if you think systemd is about init, it has gobbled so much stuff that this thing is a monstrous kitchen sink on its way to engulfing the whole bathroom.

then again maybe there are other init systems options than those two, devuan which arose from keeping systemd out of debian offert no less than 6 alternatives that address SysV flaws: openrc, sinit, runit, s6 and shepherd.

A: I'm not that fond of Ford cars.

B: So you want to drive a horse-and-buggy then?

That is to say, there are quite a number of modern inits that are not systemd. It's such a straw-man argument to bring up sysv init every time someone says something critical of systemd.

The false dichotomy was called out by the Uselessd Guy some years ago.

* http://uselessd.darknedgy.net/ProSystemdAntiSystemd/

Yet it comes up nearly every time I express concern about any aspect of systemd. ("Like it or not, you've got to move on from sysv; systemd is the industry standard" etc. etc.)

That made my day... Thank you :)

Haven't laughed as hard in a while.

I'm in the FOSS community and I like systemd, so find some other dead horse to beat.

Please don't troll threads, intentionally or not, by throwing in classic flamebait. It seems funny at the time, and then we get another systemd or whatever flamewar.

We detached this subthread from https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18322395 and marked it off-topic.

This is just as well, as I'm moving quite a bit to Net and OpenBSD. I'm tired of the Linux drama (systemd, CoC, balkanised standards, etc.) the broken stuff between distros. The slower changes for BSD development typically means more stable software. And ZFS. Plus, I actually prefer the ICS/BSD license for software in general, as it's maximally free. I've found over the years, that my BSD boxes are far and away more stable than their Linux counterparts. I do devops mostly, so stability and long-term availability are key factors. ext4 is getting long in the tooth and btrfs is nowhere near ZFS in stability or ability or I/O. I've never had a BSD system crash unexpectedly other than bad HW. I cannot say the same for Linux, even RHEL. I feel like a kid again in many ways, because I get to explore all the cool things the BSDs can do again. I'm even moving my Raspberry Pi over to NetBSD in the coming days as a prototype platform to explore BSD embedded possibilities.

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