Windows 10 has WSL, which replaces cygwin. It's a wonderful compromise which lets me can execute unmodified ELF binaries on Windows 10. Realistically, this means I can install almost anything via apt, do bulk file management using scripts, use native linux rsync binaries for backups, etc.
From linked post: Note: Your "Linux files" are any of the files and folders under %localappdata%\lxss - which is where the Linux filesystem - distro and your own files - are stored on your drive
It does say later on that storing files on windows filesystem and accessing it via /mnt/c is ok
When I set up a new machine, the first thing I do after installing WSL is to remove all directories from my home folder on the WSL filesystem, then symlink the directories in my home folder on the Windows filesystem. This way I can avoid accidetally saving files within the WSL filesystem, but don't have to prepend all paths with /mnt/c/Users/me (almost all my work occurs within my home directory).
There were a couple of very minor hiccups in its early days, but for the last year I haven't had any issues with it at all and it certainly makes developing on Windows a whole lot more convenient.
I have been told that the combination of Docker and Windows 10 / Hyper-V is mature enough to invest serious time and effort into learning it. But I haven't done this yet.