Vertical rhythm is great in theory. You can even program it in if you use SASS or something like that.
The problem is every example of vertical rhythm is a blog post on a blank page with a school paper ruler underneath.
Even if you add multiple columns it will look great, but the moment you add any sort of visual offset it will break things.
Cards are all the rage right now in UI design. Usually you want card headers to abutt the top of the card by some padding offset (padding on the card). Now you need to make that heading work without padding and still obey vertical rhythm. Good luck.
Borders? Haha sorry, you've now introduced an off by one error (or two if you put them on top and bottom of your object). You probably thought of that already for tables, but you didn't think of that for your buttons or any of your form elements (who also have labels that you don't want to be oddly distant from their form elements).
I could go on, but outside of a mimnimalist page I've yet to see it be more of a benefit than a PITA